No Arabic abstract
The following is shown : Let $S={a_1,a_2,..,a_{2n}}$ be a subset of a totally ordered commutative semi-group $(G,*,leq)$ with $a_1leq a_2leq...leq a_{2n}$. Provided that a system of $n$ $a_{i_k} * a_{j_k} (a_{i_k}, a_{j_k} in G ; 1 leq k leq n)$, where all $2n$ elements in $S$ must be used, are less than an element $N (in G)$, then $a_1*a_{2n}, a_2*a_{2n-1},..., a_n*a_{n+1}$ are all less than $N$. This may be called the Upper Bounding Case. Moreover in the same way, we shall treat also the Lower Bounding Case.
An abstract group $G$ is called totally 2-closed if $H = H^{(2),Omega}$ for any set $Omega$ with $Gcong Hleqtextrm{Sym}_Omega$, where $H^{(2),Omega}$ is the largest subgroup of symmetric group of $Omega$ whose orbits on $OmegatimesOmega$ are the same orbits of $H$. In this paper, we prove that the Fitting subgroup of a totally 2-closed group is a totally 2-closed group. We also conjecture that a finite group $G$ is totally 2-closed if and only if it is cyclic or a direct product of a cyclic group of odd order with a generalized quaternion group. We prove the conjecture in the soluble case, and reduce the general case to groups $G$ of shape $Zcdot X$, with $Z = Z(G)$ cyclic, and $X$ is a finite group with a unique minimal normal subgroup, which is nonabelian
Let (R,m,k) be a local ring. We establish a totally reflexive analogue of the New Intersection Theorem, provided for every totally reflexive R-module M, there is a big Cohen-Macaulay R-module B_M such that the socle of B_Motimes_RM is zero. When R is a quasi-specialization of a G-regular local ring or when M has complete intersection dimension zero, we show the existence of such a big Cohen-Macaulay R-module. It is conjectured that if R admits a non-zero Cohen-Macaulay module of finite Gorenstein dimension, then it is Cohen-Macaulay. We prove this conjecture if either R is a quasi-specialization of a G-regular local ring or a quasi-Buchsbaum local ring.
Let $R$ be a commutative ring with identity. In this paper, we introduce the concept of weakly $1$-absorbing prime ideals which is a generalization of weakly prime ideals. A proper ideal $I$ of $R$ is called weakly $1$-absorbing prime if for all nonunit elements $a,b,c in R$ such that $0 eq abc in I$, then either $ab in I$ or $c in I$. A number of results concerning weakly $1$-absorbing prime ideals and examples of weakly $1$-absorbing prime ideals are given. It is proved that if $I$ is a weakly $1$-absorbing prime ideal of a ring $R$ and $0 eq I_1I_2I_3 subseteq I$ for some ideals $I_1, I_2, I_3$ of $R$ such that $I$ is free triple-zero with respect to $I_1I_2I_3$, then $ I_1I_2 subseteq I$ or $I_3subseteq I$. Among other things, it is shown that if $I$ is a weakly $1$-absorbing prime ideal of $R$ that is not $1$-absorbing prime, then $I^3 = 0$. Moreover, weakly $1$-absorbing prime ideals of PIDs and Dedekind domains are characterized. Finally, we investigate commutative rings with the property that all proper ideals are weakly $1$-absorbing primes.
S.Janson [Poset limits and exchangeable random posets, Combinatorica 31 (2011), 529--563] defined limits of finite posets in parallel to the emerging theory of limits of dense graphs. We prove that each poset limit can be represented as a kernel on the unit interval with the standard order, thus answering an open question of Janson. We provide two proofs: real-analytic and combinatorial. The combinatorial proof is based on a Szemeredi-type Regularity Lemma for posets which may be of independent interest. Also, as a by-product of the analytic proof, we show that every atomless ordered probability space admits a measure-preserving and almost order-preserving map to the unit interval.
Let $R$ be a commutative $k-$algebra over a field $k$. Assume $R$ is a noetherian, infinite, integral domain. The group of $k-$automorphisms of $R$,i.e.$Aut_k(R)$ acts in a natural way on $(R-k)$.In the first part of this article, we study the structure of $R$ when the orbit space $(R-k)/Aut_k(R)$ is finite.We note that most of the results, not particularly relevent to fields, in [1,S 2] hold in this case as well. Moreover, we prove that $R$ is a field. In the second part, we study a special case of the Conjecture 2.1 in [1] : If $K/k$ is a non trivial field extension where $k$ is algebraically closed and $mid (K-k)/Aut_k(K) mid = 1$ then $K$ is algebraically closed. In the end, we give an elementary proof of [1,Theorem 1.1] in case $K$ is finitely generated over its prime subfield.