No Arabic abstract
Let $R$ be a commutative $k-$algebra over a field $k$. Assume $R$ is a noetherian, infinite, integral domain. The group of $k-$automorphisms of $R$,i.e.$Aut_k(R)$ acts in a natural way on $(R-k)$.In the first part of this article, we study the structure of $R$ when the orbit space $(R-k)/Aut_k(R)$ is finite.We note that most of the results, not particularly relevent to fields, in [1,S 2] hold in this case as well. Moreover, we prove that $R$ is a field. In the second part, we study a special case of the Conjecture 2.1 in [1] : If $K/k$ is a non trivial field extension where $k$ is algebraically closed and $mid (K-k)/Aut_k(K) mid = 1$ then $K$ is algebraically closed. In the end, we give an elementary proof of [1,Theorem 1.1] in case $K$ is finitely generated over its prime subfield.
Let $R$ be a commutative ring with identity. We define a graph $Gamma_{aut}(R)$ on $ R$, with vertices elements of $R$, such that any two distinct vertices $x, y$ are adjacent if and only if there exists $sigma in aut$ such that $sigma(x)=y$. The idea is to apply graph theory to study orbit spaces of rings under automorphisms. In this article, we define the notion of a ring of type $n$ for $ngeq 0$ and characterize all rings of type zero. We also characterize local rings $(R,M) $ in which either the subset of units ($ eq 1 $) is connected or the subset $M- {0}$ is connected in $Gamma_{aut}(R)$.
In this article we study automorphisms of Toeplitz subshifts. Such groups are abelian and any finitely generated torsion subgroup is finite and cyclic. When the complexity is non superlinear, we prove that the automorphism group is, modulo a finite cyclic group, generated by a unique root of the shift. In the subquadratic complexity case, we show that the automorphism group modulo the torsion is generated by the roots of the shift map and that the result of the non superlinear case is optimal. Namely, for any $varepsilon > 0$ we construct examples of minimal Toeplitz subshifts with complexity bounded by $C n^{1+epsilon}$ whose automorphism groups are not finitely generated. Finally, we observe the coalescence and the automorphism group give no restriction on the complexity since we provide a family of coalescent Toeplitz subshifts with positive entropy such that their automorphism groups are arbitrary finitely generated infinite abelian groups with cyclic torsion subgroup (eventually restricted to powers of the shift).
The superextension $lambda(X)$ of a set $X$ consists of all maximal linked families on $X$. Any associative binary operation $*: Xtimes X to X$ can be extended to an associative binary operation $*: lambda(X)timeslambda(X)tolambda(X)$. In the paper we study isomorphisms of superextensions of groups and prove that two groups are isomorphic if and only if their superextensions are isomorphic. Also we describe the automorphism groups of superextensions of all groups of cardinality $leq 5$.
We show that word hyperbolicity of automorphism groups of graph products $G_Gamma$ and of Coxeter groups $W_Gamma$ depends strongly on the shape of the defining graph $Gamma$. We also characterized those $Aut(G_Gamma)$ and $Aut(W_Gamma)$ in terms of $Gamma$ that are virtually free.
Let $F$ be any field. We give a short and elementary proof that any finite subgroup $G$ of $PGL(2,F)$ occurs as a Galois group over the function field $F(x)$. We also develop a theory of descent to subfields of $F$. This enables us to realize the automorphism groups of finite subgroups of $PGL(2,F)$ as Galois groups.