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Register a new userNuclear dynamics at the balance energy of mass asymmetric colliding nuclei
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Supriya Goyal
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Using the quantum molecular dynamics model, we study the nuclear dynamics at the balance energy of mass asymmetric colliding nuclei by keeping the total mass of the system fixed as 40, 80, 160, and 240. The calculations are performed by varying the mass asymmetry ($eta$ = $frac{A_{T}-A_{P}}{A_{T}+A_{P}}$; where $A_{T}$ and $A_{P}$ are the masses of the target and projectile, respectively) of the reaction from 0.1 to 0.7. In particular, we study the various quantities like average and maximum density, collision rate, participant-spectator matter, anisotropic ratio, relative momentum as well as their mass asymmetry and mass dependence. We find sizeable effects of mass asymmetry on these quantities. Our results indicate that the mass dependence of various quantities increases slightly with increase in $eta$.
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Using the quantum molecular dynamics model, we study the role of mass asymmetry of colliding nuclei on the fragmentation at the balance energy and on its mass dependence. The study is done by keeping the total mass of the system fixed as 40, 80, 160, and 240 and by varying the mass asymmetry of the ($eta$ = $frac{A_{T}-A_{P}}{A_{T}+A_{P}}$; where $A_{T}$ and $A_{P}$ are the masses of the target and projectile, respectively) reaction from 0.1 to 0.7. Our results clearly indicate a sizeable effect of the mass asymmetry on the multiplicity of various fragments. The mass asymmetry dependence of various fragments is found to increase with increase in total system mass (except for heavy mass fragments). Similar to symmetric reactions, a power law system mass dependence of various fragment multiplicities is also found to exit for large asymmetries.
Nuclear dynamics of mass asymmetric systems at balance energy.
We study the role of colliding geometry on the N/Z dependence of balance energy using isospin-dependent quantum molecular dynamics model. Our study reveals that the N/Z dependence of balance energy becomes much steeper for peripheral collisions as compared to the central collisions. We also study the effect of system mass on the impact parameter dependence of N/Z dependence of balance energy. The study shows that lighter systems shows greater sensitivity to colliding geometry towards the N/Z dependence.
An approach aimed to extend the applicability range of non-relativistic microscopic calculations of electronuclear response functions is reviewed. In the quasielastic peak region the calculations agree with experiment at momentum transfers up to about 0.4 GeV/c while at higher momentum transfers, in the region about 0.4 - 1 GeV/c, a disagreement is seen. In view of this, to calculate the response functions a reference frame was introduced where dynamics relativistic corrections are small, and the results pertaining to it were transformed exactly to the laboratory reference frame. This proved to remove the major part of the disagreement with experiment. All leading order relativistic corrections to the transition charge operator and to the one--body part of the transition current operator were taken into account in the calculations. Furthermore, a particular model to determine the kinematics inputs of the non-relativistic calculations was suggested. This model provides the correct relativistic relationship between the reaction final-state energy and the momenta of the knocked-out nucleon and the residual system. The above mentioned choice of a reference frame in conjunction with this model has led to an even better agreement with experiment.
We calculate the asymptotic high-energy amplitude for electrons scattering at one ion as well as at two colliding ions, respectively, by means of perturbation theory. We show that the interaction with one ion eikonalizes and that the interaction with two ions causally decouples. We are able to put previous results on perturbative grounds and propose further applications for the obtained rules for interactions on the light cone. The formalism will be of use for the calculation of Coulomb corrections to electron-positron pair creation in heavy ion collisions. Finally we discuss the results and inherent dangers of the employed approximations.
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