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Register a new userA Maass Lifting of $Theta^3$ and Class Numbers of Real and imaginary Quadratic Fields
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We give an explicit construct of a harmonic weak Maass form $F_{Theta}$ that is a lift of $Theta^3$, where $Theta$ is the classical Jacobi theta function. Just as the Fourier coefficients of $Theta^3$ are related to class numbers of imaginary quadratic fields, the Fourier coefficients of the holomorphic part of $F_{Theta}$ are associated to class numbers of real quadratic fields.
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In this paper, we explicitly construct harmonic Maass forms that map to the weight one theta series associated by Hecke to odd ray class group characters of real quadratic fields. From this construction, we give precise arithmetic information contained in the Fourier coefficients of the holomorphic part of the harmonic Maass form, establishing the main part of a conjecture of the second author.
For certain real quadratic fields $K$ with sufficiently small discriminant we produce explicit unit generators for specific ray class fields of $K$ using a numerical method that arose in the study of complete sets of equiangular lines in $mathbb{C}^d$ (known in quantum information as symmetric informationally complete measurements or SICs). The construction in low dimensions suggests a general recipe for producing unit generators in infinite towers of ray class fields above arbitrary real quadratic $K$, and we summarise this in a conjecture. There are indications [19,20] that the logarithms of these canonical units are related to the values of $L$-functions associated to the extensions, following the programme laid out in the Stark Conjectures.
We calculate certain wide moments of central values of Rankin--Selberg $L$-functions $L(piotimes Omega, 1/2)$ where $pi$ is a cuspidal automorphic representation of $mathrm{GL}_2$ over $mathbb{Q}$ and $Omega$ is a Hecke character (of conductor $1$) of an imaginary quadratic field. This moment calculation is applied to obtain weak simultaneous non-vanishing results, which are non-vanishing results for different Rankin--Selberg $L$-functions where the product of the twists is trivial. The proof relies on relating the wide moments to the usual moments of automorphic forms evaluated at Heegner points using Waldspurgers formula. To achieve this, a classical version of Waldspurgers formula for general weight automorphic forms is proven, which might be of independent interest. A key input is equidistribution of Heegner points (with explicit error-terms) together with non-vanishing results for certain period integrals. In particular, we develop a soft technique for obtaining non-vanishing of triple convolution $L$-functions.
The Mordell-Weil groups $E(mathbb{Q})$ of elliptic curves influence the structures of their quadratic twists $E_{-D}(mathbb{Q})$ and the ideal class groups $mathrm{CL}(-D)$ of imaginary quadratic fields. For appropriate $(u,v) in mathbb{Z}^2$, we define a family of homomorphisms $Phi_{u,v}: E(mathbb{Q}) rightarrow mathrm{CL}(-D)$ for particular negative fundamental discriminants $-D:=-D_E(u,v)$, which we use to simultaneously address questions related to lower bounds for class numbers, the structures of class groups, and ranks of quadratic twists. Specifically, given an elliptic curve $E$ of rank $r$, let $Psi_E$ be the set of suitable fundamental discriminants $-D<0$ satisfying the following three conditions: the quadratic twist $E_{-D}$ has rank at least 1; $E_{text{tor}}(mathbb{Q})$ is a subgroup of $mathrm{CL}(-D)$; and $h(-D)$ satisfies an effective lower bound which grows asymptotically like $c(E) log (D)^{frac{r}{2}}$ as $D to infty$. Then for any $varepsilon > 0$, we show that as $X to infty$, we have $$#, left{-X < -D < 0: -D in Psi_E right } , gg_{varepsilon} X^{frac{1}{2}-varepsilon}.$$ In particular, if $ell in {3,5,7}$ and $ell mid |E_{mathrm{tor}}(mathbb{Q})|$, then the number of such discriminants $-D$ for which $ell mid h(-D)$ is $gg_{varepsilon} X^{frac{1}{2}-varepsilon}.$ Moreover, assuming the Parity Conjecture, our results hold with the additional condition that the quadratic twist $E_{-D}$ has rank at least 2.
We develop further the theory of $q$-deformations of real numbers introduced by Morier-Genoud and Ovsienko, and focus in particular on the class of real quadratic irrationals. Our key tool is a $q$-deformation of the modular group $PSL_q(2,mathbb{Z})$. The action of the modular group by Mobius transformations commutes with the $q$-deformations. We prove that the traces of the elements of $PSL_q(2,mathbb{Z})$ are palindromic polynomials with positive coefficients. These traces appear in the explicit expressions of the $q$-deformed quadratic irrationals.
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