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Register a new userNew Power Estimation Methods for Highly Overloaded Synchronous CDMA Systems
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Added by
Damoun Nashtaali
Publication date
2011
fields
Informatics Engineering
and research's language is
English
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In CDMA systems, the received user powers vary due to moving distance of users. Thus, the CDMA receivers consist of two stages. The first stage is the power estimator and the second one is a Multi-User Detector (MUD). Conventional methods for estimating the user powers are suitable for underor fully-loaded cases (when the number of users is less than or equal to the spreading gain). These methods fail to work for overloaded CDMA systems because of high interference among the users. Since the bandwidth is becoming more and more valuable, it is worth considering overloaded CDMA systems. In this paper, an optimum user power estimation for over-loaded CDMA systems with Gaussian inputs is proposed. We also introduce a suboptimum method with lower complexity whose performance is very close to the optimum one. We shall show that the proposed methods work for highly over-loaded systems (up to m(m + 1) =2 users for a system with only m chips). The performance of the proposed methods is demonstrated by simulations. In addition, a class of signature sets is proposed that seems to be optimum from a power estimation point of view. Additionally, an iterative estimation for binary input CDMA systems is proposed which works more accurately than the optimal Gaussian input method.
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Recently, a new class of binary codes for overloaded CDMA systems are proposed that not only has the ability of errorless communication but also suitable for detecting active users. These codes are called COWDA [1]. In [1], a Maximum Likelihood (ML) decoder is proposed for this class of codes. Although the proposed scheme of coding/decoding show impressive performance, the decoder can be improved. In this paper by assuming more practical conditions for the traffic in the system, we suggest an algorithm that increases the performance of the decoder several orders of magnitude (the Bit-Error-Rate (BER) is divided by a factor of 400 in some Eb/N0s The algorithm supposes the Poison distribution for the time of activation/deactivation of the users.
Spectral efficiency for asynchronous code division multiple access (CDMA) with random spreading is calculated in the large system limit allowing for arbitrary chip waveforms and frequency-flat fading. Signal to interference and noise ratios (SINRs) for suboptimal receivers, such as the linear minimum mean square error (MMSE) detectors, are derived. The approach is general and optionally allows even for statistics obtained by under-sampling the received signal. All performance measures are given as a function of the chip waveform and the delay distribution of the users in the large system limit. It turns out that synchronizing users on a chip level impairs performance for all chip waveforms with bandwidth greater than the Nyquist bandwidth, e.g., positive roll-off factors. For example, with the pulse shaping demanded in the UMTS standard, user synchronization reduces spectral efficiency up to 12% at 10 dB normalized signal-to-noise ratio. The benefits of asynchronism stem from the finding that the excess bandwidth of chip waveforms actually spans additional dimensions in signal space, if the users are de-synchronized on the chip-level. The analysis of linear MMSE detectors shows that the limiting interference effects can be decoupled both in the user domain and in the frequency domain such that the concept of the effective interference spectral density arises. This generalizes and refines Tse and Hanlys concept of effective interference. In Part II, the analysis is extended to any linear detector that admits a representation as multistage detector and guidelines for the design of low complexity multistage detectors with universal weights are provided.
Totally asynchronous code-division multiple-access (CDMA) systems are addressed. In Part I, the fundamental limits of asynchronous CDMA systems are analyzed in terms of spectral efficiency and SINR at the output of the optimum linear detector. The focus of Part II is the design of low-complexity implementations of linear multiuser detectors in systems with many users that admit a multistage representation, e.g. reduced rank multistage Wiener filters, polynomial expansion detectors, weighted linear parallel interference cancellers. The effects of excess bandwidth, chip-pulse shaping, and time delay distribution on CDMA with suboptimum linear receiver structures are investigated. Recursive expressions for universal weight design are given. The performance in terms of SINR is derived in the large-system limit and the performance improvement over synchronous systems is quantified. The considerations distinguish between two ways of forming discrete-time statistics: chip-matched filtering and oversampling.
In this paper a discussion of the detailed operation of the interleavers used by the turbo codes defined on the telecommunications standards cdma2000 (3GPP2 C.S0024-B V2.0) and W-CDMA (3GPP TS 25.212 V7.4.0) is presented. Differences in the approach used by each turbo interleaver as well as dispersion analysis and frequency analysis are also discussed. Two examples are presented to illustrate the complete interleaving process defined by each standard. These two interleaving approaches are also representative for other communications standards.
In this paper we introduce a new class of codes for over-loaded synchronous wireless CDMA systems which increases the number of users for a fixed number of chips without introducing any errors. In addition these codes support active user detection. We derive an upper bound on the number of users with a fixed spreading factor. Also we propose an ML decoder for a subclass of these codes that is computationally implementable. Although for our simulations we consider a scenario that is worse than what occurs in practice, simulation results indicate that this coding/decoding scheme is robust against additive noise. As an example, for 64 chips and 88 users we propose a coding/decoding scheme that can obtain an arbitrary small probability of error which is computationally feasible and can detect active users. Furthermore, we prove that for this to be possible the number of users cannot be beyond 230.
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