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Register a new userAn Evolution Model of Complex Systems with Simultaneous Cooperation and Competition
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Systems with simultaneous cooperation and competition among the elements are ubiquitous. In spite of their practical importance, knowledge on the evolution mechanism of this class of complex system is still very limit. In this work, by conducting extensive empirical survey to a large number of cooperation-competition systems which cover wide categories and contain the information of network topology, cooperation-competition gain, and the evolution time, we try to get some insights to the universal mechanism of their evolutions. Empirical investigations show that the distributions of the cooperation-competition gain interpolates between power law function and exponential function. Particularly, we found that the cooperation-competition systems with longer evolution durations tend to have more heterogeneous distributions of the cooperation-competition gain. Such an empirical observation can be well explained by an analytic model in which the evolution of the systems are mainly controlled by the Matthew effect, and the marginal heterogeneity of the initial distribution is amplified by the Matthew effect with similar speed in spite of the diversity of the investigated systems.
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Personal responsibility, one of the basic principles of modern law, requires one to be responsible for what he did. However, personal responsibility is far from the only norm ruling human interactions, especially in social and economic activities. In many collective communities such as among enterprise colleagues and family members, ones personal interests are often bound to others -- once one member breaks the rule, a group of people have to bear the punishment or sanction. Such a mechanism is termed joint liability. Although many real-world cases have demonstrated that joint liability helps to maintain collective collaboration, a deep and systematic theoretical analysis on how and when joint liability promotes cooperation is lacking. Here we use evolutionary game theory to model an interacting system with joint liability, where ones losing credit could deteriorate the reputation of the whole group. We provide the analytical condition to predict when cooperation evolves in the presence of joint liability, which is verified by simulations. We also analytically prove that joint liability can greatly promote cooperation. Our work stresses that joint liability is of great significance in promoting the current economic propensity.
Real systems are usually composed by units or nodes whose activity can be interrupted and restored intermittently due to complex interactions not only with the environment, but also with the same system. Majdandv{z}ic $et;al.$ [Nature Physics 10, 34 (2014)] proposed a model to study systems in which active nodes fail and recover spontaneously in a complex network and found that in the steady state the density of active nodes can exhibit an abrupt transition and hysteresis depending on the values of the parameters. Here we investigate a model of recovery-failure from a dynamical point of view. Using an effective degree approach we find that the systems can exhibit a temporal sharp decrease in the fraction of active nodes. Moreover we show that, depending on the values of the parameters, the fraction of active nodes has an oscillatory regime which we explain as a competition between different failure processes. We also find that in the non-oscillatory regime, the critical fraction of active nodes presents a discontinuous drop which can be related to a targeted k-core percolation process. Finally, using mean field equations we analyze the space of parameters at which hysteresis and oscillatory regimes can be found.
In this paper, we investigate the effect of heterogeneity of link weight, heterogeneity of the frequency or amount of interactions among individuals, on the evolution of cooperation. Based on an analysis of the evolutionary prisoners dilemma game on a weighted one-dimensional lattice network with intra-individual heterogeneity, we confirm that moderate level of link-weight heterogeneity can facilitate cooperation. Furthermore, we identify two key mechanisms by which link-weight heterogeneity promotes the evolution of cooperation: mechanisms for spread and maintenance of cooperation. We also derive the corresponding conditions under which the mechanisms can work through evolutionary dynamics.
A network effect is introduced taking into account competition, cooperation and mixed-type interaction amongst agents along a generalized Verhulst-Lotka-Volterra model. It is also argued that the presence of a market capacity enforces an indubious limit on the agents size growth. The state stability of triadic agents, i.e., the most basic network plaquette, is investigated analytically for possible scenarios, through a fixed point analysis. It is discovered that: (i) market demand is only satisfied for full competition when one agent monopolizes the market; (ii) growth of agent size is encouraged in full cooperation; (iii) collaboration amongst agents to compete against one single agent may result in the disappearance of this single agent out of the market, and (iv) cooperating with two rivals may become a growth strategy for an intelligent agent.
To successfully complete a complex project, be it a construction of an airport or of a backbone IT system, agents (companies or individuals) must form a team having required competences and resources. A team can be formed either by the project issuer based on individual agents offers (centralized formation); or by the agents themselves (decentralized formation) bidding for a project as a consortium---in that case many feasible teams compete for the contract. We investigate rational strategies of the agents (what salary should they ask? with whom should they team up?). We propose concepts to characterize the stability of the winning teams and study their computational complexity.
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