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Register a new user30 kV coaxial vacuum-tight feedthrough for operation at cryogenic temperatures
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In this paper we describe the technology of building a vacuum-tight high voltage feedthrough which is able to operate at voltages up to 30 kV. The feedthrough has a coaxial structure with a grounded sheath which makes it capable to lead high voltage potentials into cryogenic liquids, without risk of surface discharges in the gas phase above the liquid level. The feedthrough is designed to be used in ionization detectors, based on liquefied noble gases, such as Argon or Xenon.
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Cold electronics is a key technology in many areas of science and technology including space exploration programs and particle physics. A major experiment with a very large number of analog and digital electronics signal processing channels to be operated at cryogenic temperatures is the next-generation neutrino experiment, the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE). The DUNE detector uses liquid Argon at 87K as a target material for neutrinos, and as a medium to track charged particles resulting from interactions in the detector volume. The DUNE electronics [1] consists of custom-designed ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuits) chips based on low power 180 nm-CMOS technology. The main risk for this technology is that the electronics components will be immersed in liquid argon for many years (20-30 years) without access. Reliability issues of ASICs may arise from thermal stress, packaging, and manufacturing-related defects: if undetected those could lead to long-term reliability and performance problems. The scope of this paper is to explore non-destructive evaluation techniques for their potential use in a comprehensive quality control process during prototyping, testing and commissioning of the DUNE cold electronics system. Specifically, we have used the Scanning Acoustic Microscopy and X-ray tomography to study permanent structural changes in the ASIC chips associated with thermal cycling between the room and cryogenic temperatures.
We have demonstrated that hole-type gaseous detectors, GEMs and capillary plates, can operate up to 77 K. For example, a single capillary plate can operate at gains of above 10E3 in the entire temperature interval between 300 until 77 K. The same capillary plate combined with CsI photocathodes could operate perfectly well at gains (depending on gas mixtures) of 100-1000. Obtained results may open new fields of applications for capillary plates as detectors of UV light and charge particles at cryogenic temperatures: noble liquid TPCs, WIMP detectors or LXe scintillating calorimeters and cryogenic PETs.
The careful filtering of microwave electromagnetic radiation is critical for controlling the electromagnetic environment for experiments in solid-state quantum information processing and quantum metrology at millikelvin temperatures. We describe the design and fabrication of a coaxial filter assembly and demonstrate that its performance is in excellent agreement with theoretical modelling. We further perform an indicative test of the operation of the filters by making current-voltage measurements of small, underdamped Josephson junctions at 15 mK.
In some experiments and applications there is need for large-area photosensitive detectors to operate at cryogenic temperatures. Nowadays, vacuum PMs are usually used for this purpose. We have developed special designs of planar photosensitive gaseous detectors able to operate at cryogenic temperatures. Such detectors are much cheaper PMs and are almost insensitive to magnetic fields. Results of systematic measurements of their quantum efficiencies, the maximum achievable gains and long-term stabilities will be presented. The successful operation of these detectors open realistic possibilities in replacing PMs by photosensitive gaseous detectors in some applications dealing with cryogenic liquids; for example in experiments using noble liquid TPCs or noble liquid scintillating calorimeters.
The results of tests of 1 vacuum phototriodes in a magnetic field up to 4.5 T are presented. It was found that output amplitude decreases by about 6 % per tesla in the magnetic field range from 2.0 to 4.0 T. For devices with an anode mesh pitch of 16$mu$m, the output amplitude at 4.0 T is 30 % lower than that at zero field.
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