The effect of oxygen content on the magnetic and transport properties of the ferromagnetic Eu0.9Ca0.1BaCo2O5.5+{delta} has been carried out. Unlike the increase in TC with calcium content, paradoxally the TC value decreases with the increase in oxygen (Co4+) content as observed in the undoped phase. This result unveils the hidden generic magnetic feature of the LnBaCo2O5.5 system in the calcium doped phase. This behaviour supports strongly the appearance of Co3+ disproportion action into Co4+ and Co2+ and the magnetic phase separation scenario of ferromagnetic domains embedded in an antiferromagnetic matrix. All the samples covering a wide range of oxygen content, exhibit a p-type conductivity.
We investigate the effect of the laser parameters of pulsed laser deposition on the film stoichiometry and electronic properties of LaAlO_3/SrTiO_3 (001) heterostructures. The La/Al ratio in the LaAlO_3 films was varied over a wide range from 0.88 to 1.15, and was found to have a strong effect on the interface conductivity. In particular, the carrier density is modulated over more than two orders of magnitude. The film lattice expansion, caused by cation vacancies, is found to be the important functional parameter. These results can be understood to arise from the variations in the electrostatic boundary conditions, and their resolution, with stoichiometry.
We studied structural, electronic and magnetic properties of a cubic perovskite BaFeO$_{3-delta}$ ($0 le delta le 0.5$) within the density functional theory using a generalized gradient approximation and a GGA+U method. According to our calculations, BaFeO$_3$ in its stoichiometric cubic structure should be half-metallic and strongly ferromagnetic, with extremely high Curie temperature ($T_C$) of 700 - 900 K. However, a such estimate of $T_C$ disagrees with all available experiments, which report that $T_C$ of the BaFeO$_3$ and undoped BaFeO$_{3-delta}$ films varies between 111 K and 235 K or, alternatively, that no ferromagnetic order was detected there. Fitting the calculated x-ray magnetic circular dichroism spectra to the experimental features seen for BaFeO$_3$, we concluded that the presence of oxygen vacancies in our model enables a good agreement. Thus, the relatively low $T_C$ measured in BaFeO$_3$ can be explained by oxygen vacancies intrinsically presented in the material. Since iron species near the O vacancy change their oxidation state from $4+$ to $3+$, the interaction between Fe$^{4+}$ and Fe$^{3+}$, which is antiferromagnetic, weakens the effective magnetic interaction in the system, which is predominantly ferromagnetic. With increasing $delta$ in BaFeO$_{3-delta}$, its $T_C$ decreases down to the critical value when the magnetic order becomes antiferromagnetic. Our calculations of the electronic structure of BaFeO$_{3-delta}$ illustrate how the ferromagnetism originates and also how one can keep this cubic perovskite robustly ferromagnetic far above the room temperature.
Two dimensional multiferroics inherit prominent physical properties from both low dimensional materials and magnetoelectric materials, and can go beyond their three dimensional counterparts for their unique structures. Here, based on density functional theory calculations, a MXene derivative, i.e., i-MXene (Ta$_{2/3}$Fe$_{1/3}$)$_2$CO$_2$, is predicted to be a type-I multiferroic material. Originated from the reliable $5d^0$ rule, its ferroelectricity is robust, with a moderate polarization up to $sim12.33$ $mu$C/cm$^2$ along the a-axis, which can be easily switched and may persist above room temperature. Its magnetic ground state is layered antiferromagnetism. Although it is a type-I multiferroic material, its Neel temperature can be significantly tuned by the paraelectric-ferroelectric transition, manifesting a kind of intrinsic magnetoelectric coupling. Such magnetoelectric effect is originated from the conventional magnetostriction, but unexpectedly magnified by the exchange frustration. Our work not only reveals a nontrivial magnetoelectric mechanism, but also provides a strategy to search for more multiferroics in the two dimensional limit.
ZrSiS-type materials represent a large material family with unusual coexistence of topological nonsymmorphic Dirac fermions and nodal-line fermions. As a special group of ZrSiS-family, LnSbTe (Ln = Lanthanide rare earth) compounds provide a unique opportunity to explore new quantum phases due to the intrinsic magnetism induced by Ln. Here we report the single crystal growth and characterization of NdSbTe, a previously unexplored LnSbTe compound. NdSbTe has an antiferromagnetic ground state with field-driven metamagnetic transitions similar to other known LnSbTe, but exhibits distinct enhanced electronic correlations characterized by large a Sommerfeld coefficient of 115 mJ/mol $K^2$, which is the highest among the known LnSbTe compounds. Furthermore, our transport studies have revealed the coupling with magnetism and signatures of Kondo localization. All these findings establish NdSbTe as a new platform for observing novel phenomena arising from the interplay between magnetism, topology, and electron correlations.
The results of measurements of XPS spectra and magnetic properties of graphene/Co composites prepared by adding of CoCl$_2$x6H$_2$O diluted in ethyl alcohol to highly-splitted graphite are presented. XPS Co 2p measurements show two sets of 2p$_{3/2,1/2}$-lines belonging to oxidized and metallic Co-atoms. This means that metal in composite is partly oxidized. This conclusion is confirmed by magnetic measurements which show the presence of the main (from the metal) and shifted (from the oxide) hysteresis loops. The presence of oxide layer on the metal surface prevents the metal from the full oxidation and (as shown by magnetic measurements) provides the preservation of ferromagnetic properties after long exposure in ambient air which enables the use of graphene/metal composites in spintronics devices.
Md. Motin Seikh
,Asish K. Kundu
,V. Caignaert
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(2010)
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"Magnetic and Electronic properties of Eu0.9Ca0.1BaCo2O5.5+? with the disparity of Oxygen Stoichiometry"
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Asish K Kundu Dr
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