No Arabic abstract
Most three dimensional constitutive relations that have been developed to describe the behavior of bodies are correlated against one dimensional and two dimensional experiments. What is usually lost sight of is the fact that infinity of such three dimensional models may be able to explain these experiments that are lower dimensional. Recently, the notion of maximization of the rate of entropy production has been used to obtain constitutive relations based on the choice of the stored energy and rate of entropy production, etc. In this paper we show different choices for the manner in which the body stores energy and dissipates energy and satisfies the requirement of maximization of the rate of entropy production that leads to many three dimensional models. All of these models, in one dimension, reduce to the model proposed by Burgers to describe the viscoelastic behavior of bodies.
In this review article we describe the localization of three dimensional N=2 supersymmetric theories on compact manifolds, including the squashed sphere, S^3_b, the lens space, S^3_b/Z_p, and S^2 x S^1. We describe how to write supersymmetric actions on these spaces, and then compute the partition functions and other supersymmetric observables by employing the localization argument. We briefly survey some applications of these computations.
We consider the classical problem of the continuation of periodic orbits surviving to the breaking of invariant lower dimensional resonant tori in nearly integrable Hamiltonian systems. In particular we extend our previous results (presented in CNSNS, 61:198-224, 2018) for full dimensional resonant tori to lower dimensional ones. We develop a constructive normal form scheme that allows to identify and approximate the periodic orbits which continue to exist after the breaking of the resonant torus. A specific feature of our algorithm consists in the possibility of dealing with degenerate periodic orbits. Besides, under suitable hypothesis on the spectrum of the approximate periodic orbit, we obtain information on the linear stability of the periodic orbits feasible of continuation. A pedagogical example involving few degrees of freedom, but connected to the classical topic of discrete solitons in dNLS-lattices, is also provided.
We develop the formalism of quantum mechanics on three dimensional fuzzy space and solve the Schrodinger equation for a free particle, finite and infinite fuzzy wells. We show that all results reduce to the appropriate commutative limits. A high energy cut-off is found for the free particle spectrum, which also results in the modification of the high energy dispersion relation. An ultra-violet/infra-red duality is manifest in the free particle spectrum. The finite well also has an upper bound on the possible energy eigenvalues. The phase shifts due to scattering around the finite fuzzy potential well have been calculated.
We describe three-dimensional Lorentzian homogeneous Ricci solitons, showing that all types (i.e. shrinking, expanding and steady) exist. Moreover, all non-trivial examples have non-diagonalizable Ricci operator with one only eigenvalue.
A higher-order dispersive equation is introduced as a candidate for the governing equation of a field theory. A new class of solutions of the three-dimensional field equation are considered, which are not localized functions in the sense of the integrability of the square of the profile over an infinite domain. For this new class of solutions, the gradient and/or the Hessian/Laplacian are square integrable. In the linear limiting case, an analytical expression for the pseudolocalized solution is found and the method of variational approximation is applied to find the dynamics of the centers of the quasi-particles (QPs) corresponding to these solutions. A discrete Lagrangian can be derived due to the localization of the gradient and the Laplacian of the profile. The equations of motion of the QPs are derived from the discrete Lagrangian. The pseudomass (wave mass) of a QP is defined as well as the potential of interaction. The most important trait of the new QPs is that at large distances, the force of attraction is proportional to the inverse square of the distance between the QPs. This can be considered analogous to the gravitational force in classical mechanics.