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In this paper we study the generic, i.e., typical, behavior of finitely generated subgroups of hyperbolic groups and also the generic behavior of the word problem for amenable groups. We show that a random set of elements of a nonelementary word hyperbolic group is very likely to be a set of free generators for a nicely embedded free subgroup. We also exhibit some finitely presented amenable groups for which the restriction of the word problem is unsolvable on every sufficiently large subset of words.
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Given a family $F$ of subsets of a group $G$ we describe the structure of its thin-completion $tau^*(F)$, which is the smallest thin-complete family that contains $I$. A family $F$ of subsets of $G$ is called thin-complete if each $F$-thin subset of $G$ belongs to $F$. A subset $A$ of $G$ is called $F$-thin if for any distinct points $x,y$ of $G$ the intersection $xAcap yA$ belongs to the family $F$. We prove that the thin-completion of an ideal in an ideal. If $G$ is a countable non-torsion group, then the thin-completion $tau^*(F_G)$ of the ideal $F_G$ of finite subsets of $G$ is coanalytic but not Borel in the power-set $P_G$ of $G$.
A subset $D$ of an Abelian group is $decomposable$ if $emptyset e Dsubset D+D$. In the paper we give partial answer to an open problem asking whether every finite decomposable subset $D$ of an Abelian group contains a non-empty subset $Zsubset D$ with $sum Z=0$. For every $ninmathbb N$ we present a decomposable subset $D$ of cardinality $|D|=n$ in the cyclic group of order $2^n-1$ such that $sum D=0$, but $sum T e 0$ for any proper non-empty subset $Tsubset D$. On the other hand, we prove that every decomposable subset $Dsubsetmathbb R$ of cardinality $|D|le 7$ contains a non-empty subset $Zsubset D$ of cardinality $|Z|lefrac12|D|$ with $sum Z=0$. For every $ninmathbb N$ we present a subset $Dsubsetmathbb Z$ of cardinality $|D|=2n$ such that $sum Z=0$ for some subset $Zsubset D$ of cardinality $|Z|=n$ and $sum T e 0$ for any non-empty subset $Tsubset D$ of cardinality $|T|<n=frac12|D|$. Also we prove that every finite decomposable subset $D$ of an Abelian group contains two non-empty subsets $A,B$ such that $sum A+sum B=0$.
Let $G$ be a group. A subset $F subset G$ is called irreducibly faithful if there exists an irreducible unitary representation $pi$ of $G$ such that $pi(x) eq mathrm{id}$ for all $x in F smallsetminus {e}$. Otherwise $F$ is called irreducibly unfaithful. Given a positive integer $n$, we say that $G$ has Property $P(n)$ if every subset of size $n$ is irreducibly faithful. Every group has $P(1)$, by a classical result of Gelfand and Raikov. Walter proved that every group has $P(2)$. It is easy to see that some groups do not have $P(3)$. We provide a complete description of the irreducibly unfaithful subsets of size $n$ in a countable group $G$ (finite or infinite) with Property $P(n-1)$: it turns out that such a subset is contained in a finite elementary abelian normal subgroup of $G$ of a particular kind. We deduce a characterization of Property $P(n)$ purely in terms of the group structure. It follows that, if a countable group $G$ has $P(n-1)$ and does not have $P(n)$, then $n$ is the cardinality of a projective space over a finite field. A group $G$ has Property $Q(n)$ if, for every subset $F subset G$ of size at most $n$, there exists an irreducible unitary representation $pi$ of $G$ such that $pi(x) e pi(y)$ for any distinct $x, y$ in $F$. Every group has $Q(2)$. For countable groups, it is shown that Property $Q(3)$ is equivalent to $P(3)$, Property $Q(4)$ to $P(6)$, and Property $Q(5)$ to $P(9)$. For $m, n ge 4$, the relation between Properties $P(m)$ and $Q(n)$ is closely related to a well-documented open problem in additive combinatorics.
We show that for every subset X of a closed surface M^2 and every basepoint x_0, the natural homomorphism from the fundamental group to the first shape homotopy group, is injective. In particular, if X is a proper compact subset of M^2, then pi_1(X,x_0) is isomorphic to a subgroup of the limit of an inverse sequence of finitely generated free groups; it is therefore locally free, fully residually free and residually finite.
Recent papers of the authors have completely described the hyperbolic actions of several families of classically studied solvable groups. A key tool for these investigations is the machinery of confining subsets of Caprace, Cornulier, Monod, and Tessera, which applies, in particular, to solvable groups with virtually cyclic abelianizations. In this paper, we extend this machinery and give a correspondence between the hyperbolic actions of certain solvable groups with higher rank abelianizations and confining subsets of these more general groups. We then apply this extension to give a complete description of the hyperbolic actions of a family of groups related to Baumslag-Solitar groups.
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