No Arabic abstract
In this paper we introduce an effective method to construct rational deformations between couples of Borel-fixed ideals. These deformations are governed by flat families, so that they correspond to rational curves on the Hilbert scheme. Looking globally at all the deformations among Borel-fixed ideals defining points on the same Hilbert scheme, we are able to give a new proof of the connectedness of the Hilbert scheme and to introduce a new criterion to establish whenever a set of points defined by Borel ideals lies on a common component of the Hilbert scheme. The paper contains a detailed algorithmic description of the technique and all the algorithms are made available.
We give three determinantal expressions for the Hilbert series as well as the Hilbert function of a Pfaffian ring, and a closed form product formula for its multiplicity. An appendix outlining some basic facts about degeneracy loci and applications to multiplicity formulae for Pfaffian rings is also included.
We study Hilbert-Kunz multiplicity of non-singular curves in positive characteristic. We analyse the relationship between the Frobenius semistability of the kernel sheaf associated with the curve and its ample line bundle, and the HK multiplicity. This leads to a lower bound, achieved iff the kernel sheaf is Frobenius semistable, and otherwise to formulas for the HK multiplicity in terms of parameters measuring the failure of Frobenius semistability. As a byproduct, an explicit example of a vector bundle on a curve is given whose $n$-th iterated Frobenius pullback is not semistable, while its $(n-1)$-th such pullback is semistable, where $n>0$ is arbitrary.
Given a projective algebraic set X, its dual graph G(X) is the graph whose vertices are the irreducible components of X and whose edges connect components that intersect in codimension one. Hartshornes connectedness theorem says that if (the coordinate ring of) X is Cohen-Macaulay, then G(X) is connected. We present two quantitative variants of Hartshornes result: 1) If X is a Gorenstein subspace arrangement, then G(X) is r-connected, where r is the Castelnuovo-Mumford regularity of X. (The bound is best possible; for coordinate arrangements, it yields an algebraic extension of Balinskis theorem for simplicial polytopes.) 2) If X is a canonically embedded arrangement of lines no three of which meet in the same point, then the diameter of the graph G(X) is not larger than the codimension of X. (The bound is sharp; for coordinate arrangements, it yields an algebraic expansion on the recent combinatorial result that the Hirsch conjecture holds for flag normal simplicial complexes.)
In 1922, Mordell conjectured the striking statement that for a polynomial equation $f(x,y)=0$, if the topology of the set of complex number solutions is complicated enough, then the set of rational number solutions is finite. This was proved by Faltings in 1983, and again by a different method by Vojta in 1991, but neither proof provided a way to provably find all the rational solutions, so the search for other proofs has continued. Recently, Lawrence and Venkatesh found a third proof, relying on variation in families of $p$-adic Galois representations; this is the subject of the present exposition.
We study the closed convex hull of various collections of Hilbert functions. Working over a standard graded polynomial ring with modules that are generated in degree zero, we describe the supporting hyperplanes and extreme rays for the cones generated by the Hilbert functions of all modules, all modules with bounded a-invariant, and all modules with bounded Castelnuovo-Mumford regularity. The first of these cones is infinite-dimensional and simplicial, the second is finite-dimensional but neither simplicial nor polyhedral, and the third is finite-dimensional and simplicial.