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Geo-neutrino studies are based on theoretical estimates of geo-neutrino spectra. We propose a method for a direct measurement of the energy distribution of antineutrinos from decays of long-lived radioactive isotopes. We present preliminary results for the geo-neutrinos from Bi-214 decay, a process which accounts for about one half of the total geo-neutrino signal. The feeding probability of the lowest state of Bi-214 - the most important for geo-neutrino signal - is found to be p_0 = 0.177 pm 0.004 (stat) ^{+0.003}_{-0.001} (sys), under the hypothesis of Universal Neutrino Spectrum Shape (UNSS). This value is consistent with the (indirect) estimate of the Table of Isotopes (ToI). We show that achievable larger statistics and reduction of systematics should allow to test possible distortions of the neutrino spectrum from that predicted using the UNSS hypothesis. Implications on the geo-neutrino signal are discussed.
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Geo-neutrino studies are based on theoretical estimates of geo-neutrino spectra. We propose a method for a direct measurement of the energy distribution of antineutrinos from decays of long-lived radioactive isotopes.
Geo-reactor models suggest the existence of natural nuclear reactors at different deep-earth locations with loosely defined output power. Reactor fission products undergo beta decay with the emission of electron antineutrinos, which routinely escape the earth. Neutrino mixing distorts the energy spectrum of the electron antineutrinos. Characteristics of the distorted spectrum observed at the earths surface could specify the location of a geo-reactor, discriminating the models and facilitating more precise power measurement. The existence of a geo-reactor with known position could enable a precision measurement of the neutrino oscillation parameter delta-mass-squared.
The structure of the $^{24}$F nucleus has been studied at GANIL using the $beta$ decay of $^{24}$O and the in-beam $gamma$-ray spectroscopy from the fragmentation of projectile nuclei. Combining these complementary experimental techniques, the level scheme of $^{24}$F has been constructed up to 3.6 Mev by means of particle-$gamma$ and particle-$gammagamma$ coincidence relations. Experimental results are compared to shell-model calculations using the standard USDA and USDB interactions as well as ab-initio valence-space Hamiltonians calculated from the in-medium similarity renormalization group based on chiral two- and three-nucleon forces. Both methods reproduce the measured level spacings well, and this close agreement allows unidentified spins and parities to be consistently assigned.
Laboratory experiments with high-energetic heavy-ion collisions offer the opportunity to explore fundamental properties of nuclear matter, such as the high-density equation-of-state, which governs the structure and dynamics of cosmic objects and phenomena like neutron stars, supernova explosions, and neutron star mergers. A particular goal and challenge of the experiments is to unravel the microscopic degrees-of-freedom of strongly interaction matter at high density, including the search for phase transitions, which may feature a region of phase coexistence and a critical endpoint. As the theory of strong interaction is not able to make firm predictions for the structure and the properties of matter high baryon chemical potentials, the scientific progress in this field is driven by experimental results. The mission of future experiments at FAIR and NICA, which will complement the running experimental programs at GSI, CERN, and RHIC, is to explore new diagnostic probes, which never have been measured before at collision energies, where the highest net-baryon densities will be created. The most promising observables, which are expected to shed light on the nature of high-density QCD matter, comprise the collective flow of identified particles including multi-strange (anti-) hyperons, fluctuations and correlations, lepton pairs, and charmed particles. In the following, the perspectives for experiments in the NICA energy range will be discussed.
Knowledge on nuclear cluster physics has increased considerably since the pioneering discovery of 12C+12C resonances half a century ago and nuclear clustering remains one of the most fruitful domains of nuclear physics, facing some of the greatest challenges and opportunities in the years ahead. The occurrence of exotic shapes and/or Bose-Einstein alpha condensates in light N-Z alpha-conjugate nuclei is investigated. Evolution of clustering from stability to the drip-lines examined with clustering aspects persisting in light neutron-rich nuclei is consistent with the extension of the Ikeda-diagram to non alpha-conjugate nuclei.
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