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Register a new userParticle Physics and Astrophysics -- A whitepaper in response to a call to the Astronomy and Astrophysics Community from the Committee on Astro2010 for State of the Profession Position Papers
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We discuss some of the key science questions that are bringing particle physicists and astrophysicists together, and comment on some of the cultural and funding issues that have arisen as these two communities become increasingly intertwined.
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Laboratory astrophysics and complementary theoretical calculations are the foundations of astronomy and astrophysics and will remain so into the foreseeable future. The impact of laboratory astrophysics ranges from the scientific conception stage for ground-based, airborne, and space-based observatories, all the way through to the scientific return of these projects and missions. It is our understanding of the under-lying physical processes and the measurements of critical physical parameters that allows us to address fundamental questions in astronomy and astrophysics. In this regard, laboratory astrophysics is much like detector and instrument development at NASA, NSF, and DOE. These efforts are necessary for the success of astronomical research being funded by the agencies. Without concomitant efforts in all three directions (observational facilities, detector/instrument development, and laboratory astrophysics) the future progress of astronomy and astrophysics is imperiled. In addition, new developments in experimental technologies have allowed laboratory studies to take on a new role as some questions which previously could only be studied theoretically can now be addressed directly in the lab. With this in mind we, the members of the AAS Working Group on Laboratory Astrophysics, have prepared this State of the Profession Position Paper on the laboratory astrophysics infrastructure needed to ensure the advancement of astronomy and astrophysics in the next decade.
The announcement by the IceCube Collaboration of the observation of 28 cosmic neutrino candidates has been greeted with a great deal of justified excitement. The data reported so far depart by 4.3sigma from the expected atmospheric neutrino background, which raises the obvious question: Where in the Cosmos are these neutrinos coming from? We review the many possibilities which have been explored in the literature to address this question, including origins at either Galactic or extragalactic celestial objects. For completeness, we also briefly discuss new physics processes which may either explain or be constrained by IceCube data.
The Adomian Decomposition Method (ADM) is a very effective approach for solving broad classes of nonlinear partial and ordinary differential equations, with important applications in different fields of applied mathematics, engineering, physics and biology. It is the goal of the present paper to provide a clear and pedagogical introduction to the Adomian Decomposition Method and to some of its applications. In particular, we focus our attention to a number of standard first-order ordinary differential equations (the linear, Bernoulli, Riccati, and Abel) with arbitrary coefficients, and present in detail the Adomian method for obtaining their solutions. In each case we compare the Adomian solution with the exact solution of some particular differential equations, and we show their complete equivalence. The second order and the fifth order ordinary differential equations are also considered. An important extension of the standard ADM, the Laplace-Adomian Decomposition Method is also introduced through the investigation of the solutions of a specific second order nonlinear differential equation. We also present the applications of the method to the Fisher-Kolmogorov second order partial nonlinear differential equation, which plays an important role in the description of many physical processes, as well as three important applications in astronomy and astrophysics, related to the determination of the solutions of the Kepler equation, of the Lane-Emden equation, and of the general relativistic equation describing the motion of massive particles in the spherically symmetric and static Schwarzschild geometry.
In the present document I review the current organizational structure of Astronomy, Astrophysics and Space Physics in Greece. I briefly present the institutions where professional astronomers are pursuing research, along with some notes of their history, as well as the major astronomical facilities currently available within Greece. I touch upon topics related to graduate studies in Greece and present some statistics on the distribution of Greek astronomers. Even though every attempt is made to substantiate all issues mentioned, some of the views presented have inevitably a personal touch and thus should be treated as such.
CubeSats have the potential to expand astrophysical discovery space, complementing ground-based electromagnetic and gravitational-wave observatories. The CubeSat design specifications help streamline delivery of instrument payloads to space. CubeSat planners have more options for tailoring orbits to fit observational needs and may have more flexibility in rapidly rescheduling observations to respond to transients. With over 1000 CubeSats launched, there has been a corresponding increase in the availability and performance of commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) components compatible with the CubeSat standards, from solar panels and power systems to reaction wheels for three axis stabilization and precision attitude control. Commercially available components can reduce cost CubeSat missions, allowing more resources to be directed toward scientific instrument payload development and technology demonstrations.
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