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Register a new userAstronomy, Astrophysics, and Space Physics in Greece
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Added by
Vassilis Charmandaris
Publication date
2006
fields
Physics
and research's language is
English
Authors
V. Charmandaris
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In the present document I review the current organizational structure of Astronomy, Astrophysics and Space Physics in Greece. I briefly present the institutions where professional astronomers are pursuing research, along with some notes of their history, as well as the major astronomical facilities currently available within Greece. I touch upon topics related to graduate studies in Greece and present some statistics on the distribution of Greek astronomers. Even though every attempt is made to substantiate all issues mentioned, some of the views presented have inevitably a personal touch and thus should be treated as such.
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We review the history of space mission in Korea focusing on the field of astronomy and astrophysics. For each mission, scientific motivation and achievement are reviewed together with some technical details of the program including mission schedule. This review includes the ongoing and currently approved missions as well as some planned ones. Within the admitted limitations of authors perspectives, some comments on the future direction of space program for astronomy and astrophysics in Korea are made at the end of this review.
This article looks at philosophical aspects and questions that modern astrophysical research gives rise to. Other than cosmology, astrophysics particularly deals with understanding phenomena and processes operating at intermediate cosmic scales, which has rarely aroused philosophical interest so far. Being confronted with the attribution of antirealism by Ian Hacking because of its observational nature, astrophysics is equipped with a characteristic methodology that can cope with the missing possibility of direct interaction with most objects of research. In its attempt to understand the causal history of singular phenomena it resembles the historical sciences, while the search for general causal relations with respect to classes of processes or objects can rely on the cosmic laboratory: the multitude of different phenomena and environments, naturally provided by the universe. Furthermore, the epistemology of astrophysics is strongly based on the use of models and simulations and a complex treatment of large amounts of data.
The symmetry between quarks and leptons suggests that neutrinos should have mass. As embodied in the grand unified theory SO(10) this yields masses that can only be detected by neutrino oscillations. Such oscillations could be very important for supernova physics. Present observations of solar neutrinos when combined with standard solar model calculations imply particular parameters for neutrino masses and mixings. If the solar model is somewhat relaxed quite different possibilities emerge, which yield very different predictions for future experiments.
CubeSats have the potential to expand astrophysical discovery space, complementing ground-based electromagnetic and gravitational-wave observatories. The CubeSat design specifications help streamline delivery of instrument payloads to space. CubeSat planners have more options for tailoring orbits to fit observational needs and may have more flexibility in rapidly rescheduling observations to respond to transients. With over 1000 CubeSats launched, there has been a corresponding increase in the availability and performance of commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) components compatible with the CubeSat standards, from solar panels and power systems to reaction wheels for three axis stabilization and precision attitude control. Commercially available components can reduce cost CubeSat missions, allowing more resources to be directed toward scientific instrument payload development and technology demonstrations.
Laboratory astrophysics and complementary theoretical calculations are the foundations of astronomy and astrophysics and will remain so into the foreseeable future. The impact of laboratory astrophysics ranges from the scientific conception stage for ground-based, airborne, and space-based observatories, all the way through to the scientific return of these projects and missions. It is our understanding of the under-lying physical processes and the measurements of critical physical parameters that allows us to address fundamental questions in astronomy and astrophysics. In this regard, laboratory astrophysics is much like detector and instrument development at NASA, NSF, and DOE. These efforts are necessary for the success of astronomical research being funded by the agencies. Without concomitant efforts in all three directions (observational facilities, detector/instrument development, and laboratory astrophysics) the future progress of astronomy and astrophysics is imperiled. In addition, new developments in experimental technologies have allowed laboratory studies to take on a new role as some questions which previously could only be studied theoretically can now be addressed directly in the lab. With this in mind we, the members of the AAS Working Group on Laboratory Astrophysics, have prepared this State of the Profession Position Paper on the laboratory astrophysics infrastructure needed to ensure the advancement of astronomy and astrophysics in the next decade.
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