The boundary element method is applied to investigate the optical forces when whispering gallery modes (WGMs) are excited by a total internally reflected wave. Such evanescent wave is particularly effective in exciting the high-$Q$ WGM, while the low angular or high radial order modes are suppressed relatively. This results in a large contrast between the forces on and off resonance, and thus allows for high size-selectivity. We fully incorporate the prism-particle interaction and found that the optical force behaves differently at different separations. Optimal separation is found which corresponds to a compromise between intensity and $Q$ factor.
In this paper we discuss the force exerted by the field of an optical cavity on a polarizable dipole. We show that the modification of the cavity modes due to interaction with the dipole significantly alters the properties of the force. In particular, all components of the force are found to be non-conservative, and cannot, therefore, be derived from a potential energy. We also suggest a simple generalization of the standard formulas for the optical force on the dipole, which reproduces the results of calculations based on the Maxwell stress tensor.
We report a theoretical study showing that rogue waves can emerge in whispering gallery mode resonators as the result of the chaotic interplay between Kerr nonlinearity and anomalous group-velocity dispersion. The nonlinear dynamics of the propagation of light in a whispering gallery-mode resonator is investigated using the Lugiato-Lefever equation, and we evidence a range of parameters where rare and extreme events associated with a non-gaussian statistics of the field maxima are observed.
Free-electron beams serve as uniquely versatile probes of microscopic structure and composition, and have repeatedly revolutionized atomic-scale imaging, from solid-state physics to structural biology. Over the past decade, the manipulation and interaction of electrons with optical fields has seen significant progress, enabling novel imaging methods, schemes of near-field electron acceleration, and culminating in 4D microscopy techniques with both high temporal and spatial resolution. However, weak coupling strengths of electron beams to optical excitations are a standing issue for existing and emerging applications of optical free-electron control. Here, we demonstrate phase matched near-field coupling of a free-electron beam to optical whispering gallery modes of dielectric microresonators. The cavity-enhanced interaction with these optically excited modes imprints a strong phase modulation on co-propagating electrons, which leads to electron-energy sidebands up to hundreds of photon orders and a spectral broadening of 700 eV. Mapping the near-field interaction with ultrashort electron pulses in space and time, we trace the temporal ring-down of the microresonator following a femtosecond excitation and observe the cavitys resonant spectral response. Resonantly enhancing the coupling of electrons and light via optical cavities, with efficient injection and extraction, can open up novel applications such as continuous-wave acceleration, attosecond structuring, and real-time all-optical electron detection.
Whispering gallery mode (WGM) resonators are compelling optical devices, however they are nearly unexplored in the terahertz (THz) domain. In this letter, we report on THz WGMs in quartz glass bubble resonators with sub-wavelength wall thickness. An unprecedented study of both the amplitude and phase of THz WGMs is presented. The coherent THz frequency domain measurements are in excellent agreement with a simple analytical model and results from numerical simulations. A high finesse of 9 and a quality (Q) factor exceeding 440 at 0.47 THz are observed. Due to the large evanescent field the high Q-factor THz WGM bubble resonators can be used as a compact, highly sensitive sensor in the intriguing THz frequency range.
Whispering gallery mode biosensors allow selective unlabelled detection of single proteins and, combined with quantum limited sensitivity, the possibility for noninvasive realtime observation of motor molecule motion. However, to date technical noise sources, most particularly low frequency laser noise, have constrained such applications. Here we introduce a new technique for whispering gallery mode sensing based on direct detection of back-scattered light. This experimentally straightforward technique is immune to frequency noise in principle, and further, acts to suppress thermorefractive noise. We demonstrate 27 dB of frequency noise suppression, eliminating frequency noise as a source of sensitivity degradation and allowing an absolute frequency shift sensitivity of 76 kHz. Our results open a new pathway towards single molecule biophysics experiments and ultrasensitive biosensors.
J. J. Xiao
,J. Ng
,Z. F. Lin
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(2009)
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"Whispering gallery mode enhanced optical force with resonant tunneling excitation in the Kretschmann geometry"
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Jun Jun Xiao
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