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Register a new userMicrolocal analysis and evolution equations
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Jared Wunsch
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Lecture notes from 2008 CMI/ETH Summer School on Evolution Equations. These notes are an informal introduction to the applications of microlocal methods in the study of linear evolution equations and spectral theory. Calculi of pseudodifferential operators and Fourier integral operators are discussed and axiomatized, but not constructed: the focus is on how to apply these tools.
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This is a introductory course focusing some basic notions in pseudodifferential operators ($Psi$DOs) and microlocal analysis. We start this lecture notes with some notations and necessary preliminaries. Then the notion of symbols and $Psi$DOs are introduced. In Chapter 3 we define the oscillatory integrals of different types. Chapter 4 is devoted to the stationary phase lemmas. One of the features of the lecture is that the stationary phase lemmas are proved for not only compactly supported functions but also for more general functions with certain order of smoothness and certain order of growth at infinity. We build the results on the stationary phase lemmas. Chapters 5, 6 and 7 covers main results in $Psi$DOs and the proofs are heavily built on the results in Chapter 4. Some aspects of the semi-classical analysis are similar to that of microlocal analysis. In Chapter 8 we finally introduce the notion of wavefront, and Chapter 9 focuses on the propagation of singularities of solution of partial differential equations. Important results are circulated by black boxes and some key steps are marked in red color. Exercises are provided at the end of each chapter.
In this article, we consider a generalized Radon transform that comes up in ultrasound reflection tomography. In our model, the ultrasound emitter and receiver move at a constant distance apart along a circle. We analyze the microlocal properties of the transform $R$ that arises from this model. As a consequence, we show that for distributions with support sufficiently inside the circle, $R^*R$ is an elliptic pseudodifferential operator of order $-1$ and hence all the singularities of such distributions can be recovered.
We develop a second-microlocal calculus of pseudodifferential operators in the semiclassical setting. These operators test for Lagrangian regularity of semiclassical families of distributions on a manifold $X$ with respect to a Lagrangian submanifold of $T^*X.$ The construction of the calculus, closely analogous to one performed by Bony in the setting of homogeneous Lagrangians, proceeds via the consideration of a model case, that of the zero section of $T^*mathbb{R}^n,$ and conjugation by appropriate Fourier integral operators. We prove a propagation theorem for the associated wavefront set analogous to Hormanders theorem for operators of real principal type. As an application, we consider the propagation of Lagrangian regularity on invariant tori for quasimodes (e.g. eigenfunctions) of an operator with completely integrable classical hamiltonian. We prove a secondary propagation result for second wavefront set which implies that even in the (extreme) case of Lagrangian tori with all frequencies rational, provided a nondegeneracy assumption holds, Lagrangian regularity either spreads to fill out a whole torus or holds nowhere locally on it.
An analysis of the stability of the spindle transform, introduced in (Three dimensional Compton scattering tomography arXiv:1704.03378 [math.FA]), is presented. We do this via a microlocal approach and show that the normal operator for the spindle transform is a type of paired Lagrangian operator with blowdown--blowdown singularities analogous to that of a limited data synthetic aperture radar (SAR) problem studied by Felea et. al. (Microlocal analysis of SAR imaging of a dynamic reflectivity function SIAM 2013). We find that the normal operator for the spindle transform belongs to a class of distibutions $I^{p,l}(Deltacupwidetilde{Delta},Lambda)$ studied by Felea and Marhuenda (Microlocal analysis of SAR imaging of a dynamic reflectivity function SIAM 2013 and Microlocal analysis of some isospectral deformations Trans. Amer. Math.), where $widetilde{Delta}$ is reflection through the origin, and $Lambda$ is associated to a rotation artefact. Later, we derive a filter to reduce the strength of the image artefact and show that it is of convolution type. We also provide simulated reconstructions to show the artefacts produced by $Lambda$ and show how the filter we derived can be applied to reduce the strength of the artefact.
We study initial boundary value problems for linear evolution partial differential equations (PDEs) posed on a time-dependent interval $l_1(t)<x<l_2(t)$, $0<t<T$, where $l_1(t)$ and $l_2(t)$ are given, real, differentiable functions, and $T$ is an arbitrary constant. For such problems, we show how to characterise the unknown boundary values in terms of the given initial and boundary conditions. As illustrative examples we consider the heat equation and the linear Schr{o}dinger equation. In the first case, the unknown Neumann boundary values are expressed in terms of the Dirichlet boundary values and of the initial value through the unique solution of a system of two linear integral equations with explicit kernels. In the second case, a similar result can be proved but only for a more restrictive class of boundary curves.}
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