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We study initial boundary value problems for linear evolution partial differential equations (PDEs) posed on a time-dependent interval $l_1(t)<x<l_2(t)$, $0<t<T$, where $l_1(t)$ and $l_2(t)$ are given, real, differentiable functions, and $T$ is an arbitrary constant. For such problems, we show how to characterise the unknown boundary values in terms of the given initial and boundary conditions. As illustrative examples we consider the heat equation and the linear Schr{o}dinger equation. In the first case, the unknown Neumann boundary values are expressed in terms of the Dirichlet boundary values and of the initial value through the unique solution of a system of two linear integral equations with explicit kernels. In the second case, a similar result can be proved but only for a more restrictive class of boundary curves.}
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We investigate diffusion equations with time-fractional derivatives of space-dependent variable order. We examine the well-posedness issue and prove that the space-dependent variable order coefficient is uniquely determined among other coefficients of these equations, by the knowledge of a suitable time-sequence of partial Dirichlet-to-Neumann maps.
In this survey, our aim is to emphasize the main known limitations to the use of Wigner measures for Schrodinger equations. After a short review of successful applications of Wigner measures to study the semi-classical limit of solutions to Schrodinger equations, we list some examples where Wigner measures cannot be a good tool to describe high frequency limits. Typically, the Wigner measures may not capture effects which are not negligible at the pointwise level, or the propagation of Wigner measures may be an ill-posed problem. In the latter situation, two families of functions may have the same Wigner measures at some initial time, but different Wigner measures for a larger time. In the case of systems, this difficulty can partially be avoided by considering more refined Wigner measures such as two-scale Wigner measures; however, we give examples of situations where this quadratic approach fails.
Discretization is a fundamental step in numerical analysis for the problems described by differential equations, and the difference between the continuous model and discrete model is one of the most important problems. In this paper, we consider the difference in the effect of the time-dependent propagation speed on the energy estimate of the solutions for the wave equation and the semi-discrete wave equation which is a discretization with respect to space variables.
We study approximate cloaking using transformation optics for electromagnetic waves in the time domain. Our approach is based on estimates of the degree of visibility in the frequency domain for all frequencies in which the frequency dependence is explicit. The difficulty and the novelty analysis parts are in the low and high frequency regimes. To this end, we implement a variational technique in the low frequency domain, and multiplier and duality techniques in the high frequency domain. Our approach is inspired by the work of Nguyen and Vogelius on the wave equation.
This paper is devoted to discussing the existence and uniqueness of weak solutions to time-fractional elliptic equations having time-dependent variable coefficients. To obtain the main result, our strategy is to combine the Galerkin method, a basic inequality for the fractional derivative of convex Lyapunov candidate functions, the Yoshida approximation sequence and the weak compactness argument.
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