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Register a new userSecond order structures for sprays and connections on Frechet manifolds
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Ambrose, Palais and Singer cite{Ambrose} introduced the concept of second order structures on finite dimensional manifolds. Kumar and Viswanath cite{Kumar} extended these results to the category of Banach manifolds. In the present paper all of these results are generalized to a large class of Frechet manifolds. It is proved that the existence of Christoffel and Hessian structures, connections, sprays and dissections are equivalent on those Frechet manifolds which can be considered as projective limits of Banach manifolds. These concepts provide also an alternative way for the study of ordinary differential equations on non-Banach infinite dimensional manifolds. Concrete examples of the structures are provided using direct and flat connections.
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We define systems of pre-extremals for the energy functional of regular rheonomic Lagrange manifolds and show how they induce well-defined Hamilton orthogonal nets. Such nets have applications in the modelling of e.g. wildfire spread under time- and space-dependent conditions. The time function inherited from such a Hamilton net induces in turn a time-independent Finsler metric - we call it the associated frozen metric. It is simply obtained by inserting the time function from the net into the given Lagrangean. The energy pre-extremals then become ordinary Finsler geodesics of the frozen metric and the Hamilton orthogonality property is preserved during the freeze. We compare our results with previous findings of G. W. Richards concerning his application of Huyghens principle to establish the PDE system for Hamilton orthogonal nets in 2D Randers spaces and also concerning his explicit spray solutions for time-only dependent Randers spaces. We analyze examples of time-dependent 2D Randers spaces with simple, yet non-trivial, Zermelo data; we obtain analytic and numerical solutions to their respective energy pre-extremal equations; and we display details of the resulting (frozen) Hamilton orthogonal nets.
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Every Riemannian metric or Finsler metric on a manifold induces a spray via its geodesics. In this paper, we discuss several expressions for the X-curvature of a spray. We show that the sprays obtained by a projective deformation using the S-curvature always have vanishing X-curvature. Then we establish the Beltrami Theorem for sprays with X=0
We obtain a Central Limit Theorem for closed Riemannian manifolds, clarifying along the way the geometric meaning of some of the hypotheses in Bhattacharya and Lins Omnibus Central Limit Theorem for Frechet means. We obtain our CLT assuming certain stability hypothesis for the cut locus, which always holds when the manifold is compact but may not be satisfied in the non-compact case.
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