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Register a new userSuzaku Observations of M82 X-1 : Detection of a Curved Hard X-ray Spectrum
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A report is presented on Suzaku observations of the ultra-luminous X-ray source X-1 in the starburst galaxy M82, made three time in 2005 October for an exposure of ~ 30 ks each. The XIS signals from a region of radius 3 around the nucleus defined a 2-10 keV flux of 2.1 x 10^-11 erg s-1 cm-2 attributable to point sources. The 3.2-10 keV spectrum was slightly more convex than a power-law with a photon index of 1.7. In all observations, the HXD also detected signals from M82 up to ~ 20 keV, at a 12-20 keV flux of 4.4 x 10^-12 erg s-1 cm-2 . The HXD spectrum was steeper than that of the XIS. The XIS and HXD spectra can be jointly reproduced by a cutoff power-law model, or similar curved models. Of the detected wide-band signals, 1/3 to 2/3 are attributable to X-1, while the remainder to other discrete sources in M82. Regardless of the modeling of these contaminants, the spectrum attributable to X-1 is more curved than a power-law, with a bolometric luminosity of (1.5 -3) x 10 ^40 erg s-1. These results are interpreted as Comptonized emission from a black hole of 100-200 solar masses, radiating roughly at the Eddington luminosity.
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We report the results of Suzaku observations of the young supernova remnant, Vela Jr. (RX J0852.0$-$4622), which is known to emit synchrotron X-rays, as well as TeV gamma-rays. Utilizing 39 Suzaku mapping observation data from Vela Jr., a significant hard X-ray emission is detected with the hard X-ray detector (HXD) from the north-west TeV-emitting region. The X-ray spectrum is well reproduced by a single power-law model with the photon index of 3.15$^{+1.18}_{-1.14}$ in the 12--22 keV band. Compiling this with the soft X-ray spectrum simultaneously observed with the X-ray imaging spectrometer (XIS) onboard Suzaku, we find that the wide-band X-ray spectrum in the 2--22 keV band is reproduced with a single power-law or concave broken power-law model, which are statistically consistent with each other. Whichever the model of a single or broken power-law is appropriate, clearly the spectrum has no rolloff structure. Applying this result to the method introduced in citet{yama2014}, we find that one-zone synchrotron model with electron spectrum having a power-law plus exponential cutoff may not be applicable to Vela Jr.
We present highlights from a series of four simultaneous Suzaku/RXTE observations of the black hole candidate Cyg X-1. We briefly summarize several key results from our decade long RXTE monitoring campaign. We then comment on challenges of analyzing the Suzaku data, i.e., improving the aspect correction beyond that of the existing tools, and quantitatively assessing pileup. All of our Suzaku observations (one, by design) occurred at or very near orbital phase 0 (superior conjunction), and hence show evolution in color-color diagrams due to X-ray absorption by material from the wind of the secondary. We present simple partial absorption models for this evolution. We then compare the Suzaku and RXTE data, and explicitly divide the Fe line region into narrow and broad components. Both are required for the Suzaku data, and are seen to be consistent with the RXTE data. These Suzaku observations occurred near historically hard, low flux states. We present fits of the broad band spectra with a simple phenomenological broken powerlaw model, as well as a more physically motivated Comptonization model. Whereas the former class of models described nearly all of the RXTE campaign better than any physical model, here the latter model is slightly more successful. The Comptonization model, however, exhibits little evidence for a soft disk component, which formally corresponds to a small, inner disk radius. Whether this is physical, due to unmodeled absorption, or is a calibration issue, remains an open question.
In this paper we present the best quality XMM-Newton and Suzaku data from M82 X-1 so far. We analyze the spectra of this remarkable Ultra-Luminous X-ray Source in a self-consistent manner. We have disentangled emission from the host galaxy, responsible for the soft X-ray emission (E<2.5 keV), which is successfully described by a two-temperature thermal emission from a hot plasma in multi-phase state, plus a narrow Fe line emission at 6.7 keV. This allowed us to properly study the intrinsic continuum emission from M82 X-1. The continuum of the Suzaku spectrum is curved and the high quality data of the Suzaku spectrum allowed us to significantly detect a weakly broadened Fe K-alpha emission line. The Equivalent-Width is in the range 30-80 eV and it does not depend on the model applied for the continuum. Assuming that this line is coming from the ULX via disc fluorescence, the data indicates a disc truncation at a radius of 6-20 gravitational radii. This value is comparable to or even larger than the Innermost Stable Circular Orbit of a non-spinning (Schwarzschild) black hole. Future longer observations might test this scenario.
In an effort to model the observed energy spectrum of Cygnus X-1 as well as its hard X-ray lag by Comptonization in inhomogeneous clouds of hot electrons with spherical geometry and various radial density profiles we discovered that: 1) Plasma clouds with different density profiles will lead to different Comptonization energy spectra even though they have the same optical depth and temperature. On the other hand, clouds with different optical depths can produce the same energy spectra as long as their radial density distributions are properly chosen. Thus by fitting the energy spectrum alone, it is not possible to uniquely determine the optical depth of the Comptonization cloud, let alone its density structure. 2) The phase or time difference as a function of Fourier frequency or period for the X-rays in two energy bands is sensitive to the radial density distribution of the scattering cloud. Comptonization in plasma clouds with non-uniform density profiles can account for the long standing puzzle of the frequency-dependent hard X-ray lags of Cygnus X-1 and other sources. Thus simultaneously fitting the observed spectral and temporal X-ray properties will allow us to probe the density structure of the Comptonizing atmosphere and thereby the dynamics of mass accretion onto the compact object.
We study hard X-ray emission of the brightest accreting neutron star Sco X-1 with INTEGRAL observatory. Up to now INTEGRAL have collected ~4 Msec of deadtime corrected exposure on this source. We show that hard X-ray tail in time average spectrum of Sco X-1 has a power law shape without cutoff up to energies ~200-300 keV. An absence of the high energy cutoff does not agree with the predictions of a model, in which the tail is formed as a result of Comptonization of soft seed photons on bulk motion of matter near the compact object. The amplitude of the tail varies with time with factor more than ten with the faintest tail at the top of the so-called flaring branch of its color-color diagram. We show that the minimal amplitude of the power law tail is recorded when the component, corresponding to the innermost part of optically thick accretion disk, disappears from the emission spectrum. Therefore we show that the presence of the hard X-ray tail may be related with the existence of the inner part of the optically thick disk. We estimate cooling time for these energetic electrons and show that they can not be thermal. We propose that the hard X-ray tail emission originates as a Compton upscattering of soft seed photons on electrons, which might have initial non-thermal distribution.
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