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Register a new userStudy of the quark-gluon matter by the PHOBOS experiment
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The PHOBOS experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) has collected a large dataset of Au+Au, Cu+Cu, d+Au and p+p collisions in the center of mass energy range spanning from 19 GeV/nucleon to 200 GeV/nucleon. The almost full angular coverage of the PHOBOS detector allows the study of particle production over 10 units pseudorapidity. The unique design of the spectrometer enables reconstruction and identification of charged particles down to very low transverse momenta. In this paper properties of the strongly interacting Quark-Gluon Plasma (sQGP) created in the nucleus-nucleus collisions at the highest energy available in laboratory are discussed. Results from the PHOBOS experiment on jet suppression, very low pt particles production and elliptic flow are shown. In more details are presented the most recent studies of the correlations of charged particles with respect to a high-pt trigger particle, elliptic flow fluctuations and two particle correlations.
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The PHOBOS experiment at RHIC has measured large samples of Au+Au and Cu+Cu collisions using a detector with uniquely large angular acceptance. These data enable studies of particle production over a very wide pseudorapidity interval which reveal unexpected features. In the analysis of correlations with a high-$p_{_{T}}$ trigger particle ($p_{_{T}}>2.5$ GeV/c) a ridge extending at least 4 units of pseudorapidity was found. The results on forward-backward and two-particle correlations suggest that particles are produced in very large clusters which are wider in pseudorapidity than is expected for isotropic decays. Explanation of these experimental results requires models in which both short-range and long-range correlations are present.
The PHOBOS experiment is well positioned to obtain crucial information about relativistic heavy ion collisions at RHIC, combining a multiplicity counter with a multi-particle spectrometer. The multiplicity arrays will measure the charged particle multiplicity over the full solid angle. The spectrometer will be able to identify particles at mid-rapidity. The experiment is constructed almost exclusively of silicon pad detectors. Detectors of nine different types are configured in the multiplicity and vertex detector (22,000 channels) and two multi-particle spectrometers (120,000 channels). The overall layout of the experiment, testing of the silicon sensors and the performance of the detectors during the engineering run at RHIC in 1999 are discussed.
The PHOBOS experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) at Brookhaven National Laboratory is studying interactions of heavy nuclei at the largest energies available in the laboratory. The high multiplicity of particles created in heavy ion collisions makes precise vertex reconstruction possible using information from a spectrometer and a specialized vertex detector with relatively small acceptances. For lower multiplicity events, a large acceptance, single layer multiplicity detector is used and special algorithms are developed to reconstruct the vertex, resulting in high efficiency at the expense of poorer resolution. The algorithms used in the PHOBOS experiment and their performance are presented.
Data from the first three years of running at RHIC are reviewed and put into context with data obtained previously at the AGS and SPS and with the physics question of creation of a quark-gluon plasma in high energy heavy ion collisions. Also some very recent and still preliminary data from run4 are included.
PHOBOS is one of four experiments studying Au-Au collisions at RHIC. During the first running period RHIC provided Au+Au collisions at $sqrt{s_{_{NN}}}$ = 56 GeV and 130 GeV. The data collected during this period allowed us to study the energy and centrality dependence of particle production, the anisotropy of the final state azimuthal distribution and particle ratios at mid-rapidity.
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