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Register a new userRecent developments in photon-level operations on travelling light fields
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M. S. Kim
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Annihilating and creating a photon in a travelling light field are useful building blocks for quantum-state engineering to generate a photonic state at will. In this paper, we review the relevance of these operations to some of the fundamental aspects of quantum physics and recent advances in this research.
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Engineering quantum operations is one of the main abilities we need for developing quantum technologies and designing new fundamental tests. Here we propose a scheme for realising a controlled operation acting on a travelling quantum field, whose functioning is determined by an input qubit. This study introduces new concepts and methods in the interface of continuous- and discrete-variable quantum optical systems.
We review our most recent results on application of the photon subtraction technique for optical quantum information processing primitives, in particular entanglement distillation and generation of squeezed qubit states. As an introduction we provide a brief summary of other experimental accomplishments in the field.
The conventional photon subtraction and photon addition transformations, $varrho rightarrow t a varrho a^{dag}$ and $varrho rightarrow t a^{dag} varrho a$, are not valid quantum operations for any constant $t>0$ since these transformations are not trace nonincreasing. For a fixed density operator $varrho$ there exist fair quantum operations, ${cal N}_{-}$ and ${cal N}_{+}$, whose conditional output states approximate the normalized outputs of former transformations with an arbitrary accuracy. However, the uniform convergence for some classes of density operators $varrho$ has remained essentially unknown. Here we show that, in the case of photon addition operation, the uniform convergence takes place for the energy-second-moment-constrained states such that ${rm tr}[varrho H^2] leq E_2 < infty$, $H = a^{dag}a$. In the case of photon subtraction, the uniform convergence takes place for the energy-second-moment-constrained states with nonvanishing energy, i.e., the states $varrho$ such that ${rm tr}[varrho H] geq E_1 >0$ and ${rm tr}[varrho H^2] leq E_2 < infty$. We prove that these conditions cannot be relaxed and generalize the results to the cases of multiple photon subtraction and addition.
Particle induced X-ray emission (PIXE) is an important physical effect that is not yet adequately modelled in Geant4. This paper provides a critical analysis of the problem domain associated with PIXE simulation and describes a set of software develo
pments to improve PIXE simulation with Geant4. The capabilities of the developed software prototype are illustrated and applied to a study of the passive shielding of the X-ray detectors of the German eROSITA telescope on the upcoming Russian Spectrum-X-Gamma space mission.
Radiogenic heating is a key component of the energy balance and thermal evolution of the Earth. It contributes to mantle convection, plate tectonics, volcanoes, and mountain building. Geo-neutrino observations estimate the present radiogenic power of our planet. This estimate depends on the quantity and distribution of heat-producing elements in various Earth reservoirs. Of particular geological importance is radiogenic heating in the mantle. This quantity informs the origin and thermal evolution of our planet. Here we present: currently reported geo-neutrino observations; estimates of the mantle geo-neutrino signal, mantle radiogenic heating, and mantle cooling; a comparison of chemical Earth model predictions of the mantle geo-neutrino signal and mantle radiogenic heating; a brief discussion of radiogenic heating in the core, including calculations of geo-neutrino signals per pW/kg; and finally a discussion of observational strategy.
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