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Register a new userBifurcating Transport of Glassy Matter Within Annular Micropores
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Zotin K.-H. Chu
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Glassy matter, as subjected to high shear rates, exhibit shear thinning : i.e., the viscosity diminishes with increasing shear rate. Meanwhile one prominent difference between the transport in micropores and that in macroscale is the (relatively) larger roughness observed inside micropores. As the pore size decreases, the surface-to-volume ratio increases and therefore, surface roughness will greatly affect the transport in micropores. By treating the glass as a shear-thinning matter and using the rate-dependent model together with the boundary perturbation method, we can analytically obtain the transport results up to the second order.
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The deformation kinetics for glassy solid helium confined in microscopic domain at very low temperature regime was investigated using a transition-rate model considering the shear thinning behavior which means, once material being subjected to high shear rates, the viscosity diminishes with increasing shear rate. The preliminary results show that there might be nearly frictionless fields for rate of deformation due to the almost vanishing shear stress in microtubes at very low temperature regime subjected to some surface conditions : The relatively larger roughness (compared to the macroscopic domain) inside microtubes and the slip. As the pore size decreases, the surface-to-volume ratio increases and therefore, surface roughness will greatly affect the deformation kinetics in microtubes. By using the boundary perturbation method, we obtained a class of temperature and activation energy dependent fields for the deformation kinetics at low temperature regime with the presumed small wavy roughness distributed along the walls of an cylindrical microtube. The critical deformation kinetics of the glassy matter is dependent upon the temperature, activation energy, activation volume, orientation dependent and is proportional to the (referenced) shear rate, the slip length, the amplitude and the orientation of the wavy-roughness. Finally, we also discuss the quantitative similarity between our results with Ray and Hallock [Phys. Rev. Lett. {bf 100}, 235301 (2008)].
We show that the presumed wavy roughness distributed along the wall of different nanopores (radius : a around 3.5 nm for Vycor or a silica glass; around 245 nm for porous gold) will induce larger volume flow rates of solid helium (of which there is a minimum) which might explain reported experimental differences of the supersolid fractions observed so far.
The gravity-driven flow along an annular topological defect (string) with transversely corrugations is investigated by using the verified transition-rate model and boundary perturbation method. We found that for certain activation volume and energy there exists possible frictionless states which might be associated with the missing momentum of inertia or dark matter.
Transport in crowded, complex environments occurs across many spatial scales. Geometric restrictions can hinder the motion of individuals and, combined with crowding between individuals, can have drastic effects on global transport phenomena. However, in general, the interplay between crowding and geometry in complex real-life environments is poorly understood. Existing analytical methodologies are not always readily extendable to heterogeneous environments: in these situations predictions of crowded transport behaviour within heterogeneous environments rely on computationally intensive mesh-based approaches. Here, we take a different approach by employing networked representations of complex environments to provide an efficient framework within which the interactions between networked geometry and crowding can be explored. We demonstrate how the framework can be used to: extract detailed information at the level of the whole population or an individual within it; identify the topological features of environments that enable accurate prediction of transport phenomena; and, provide insights into the design of optimal environments.
QCD is the fundamental theory to describe the strong interaction, where quarks and gluons have the color degrees of freedom. However, a single quark or gluon can not be separated out and all observable particles are color singlet states. Color confinement or quark confinement conjecture can be proved by considering not only the strong interaction but also the electroweak interaction which is $SU(3)_c$ invariant. Any measurable state has to be color singlet is the direct consequence of the common symmetry of the standard model. Color non-singlet objects are created from the big bang when the interaction breaks $SU(3)_c$ symmetry based on the nonlocal Lagrangian. There is nearly no interaction between colored objects and color singlet universe when the momentum transfer is not large enough. Colored objects are reasonable candidates of dark matter and the missing of anti-matter in the universe can also be easily explained. Dark matter can be produced in the laboratory which can be tested by measuring the energy loss and baryon number change in the extremely high energy collisions of particles and anti-particles.
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