No Arabic abstract
All the geometric phases are shown to be topologically trivial by using the second quantized formulation. The exact hidden local symmetry in the Schr{o}dinger equation, which was hitherto unrecognized, controls the holonomy associated with both of the adiabatic and non-adiabatic geometric phases. The second quantized formulation is located in between the first quantized formulation and the field theory, and thus it is convenient to compare the geometric phase with the chiral anomaly in field theory. It is shown that these two notions are completely different.
Axial anomaly and nesting is elucidated in the context of the inhomogeneous chiral phase. Using the Gross-Neveu models in 1+1 dimensions, we shall discuss axial anomaly and nesting from two different points of view: one is homogeneous chiral transition and the other is the Ferrel-Fulde-Larkin-Ovchinnikov (FFLO) state in superconductivity, which are closely related to each other by way of duality. It is shown that axial anomaly leads to a particular kind of the FFLO state within the two dimensional Nambu-Jona Lasinio model, where axial anomaly is manifested in a different mode. Nesting is a driving mechanism for both phenomena, but its realization has different features. We reconsider the effect of nesting in the context of duality.
We analize the non-cyclic geometric phase for neutrinos. We find that the geometric phase and the total phase associated to the mixing phenomenon provide a tool to distinguish between Dirac and Majorana neutrinos. Our results hold for neutrinos propagating in vacuum and through the matter. Future experiments, based on interferometry, could reveal the nature of neutrinos.
In the presence of the fluid helicity $boldsymbol{v} cdot boldsymbol{omega}$, the magnetic field induces an electric current of the form $boldsymbol{j} = C_{rm HME} (boldsymbol{v} cdot boldsymbol{omega}) boldsymbol{B}$. This is the helical magnetic effect (HME). We show that for massless Dirac fermions with charge $e=1$, the transport coefficient $C_{rm HME}$ is fixed by the chiral anomaly coefficient $C=1/(2pi^2)$ as $C_{rm HME} = C/2$ independently of interactions. We show the conjecture that the coefficient of the magnetovorticity coupling for the local vector charge, $n = C_{B omega} boldsymbol{B} cdot boldsymbol{omega}$, is related to the chiral anomaly coefficient as $C_{B omega} = C/2$. We also discuss the condition for the emergence of the helical plasma instability that originates from the HME.
The chiral anomaly in the context of an extended standard model with minimal Lorentz invariance violation is studied. Taking into account bounds from measurements of the speed of light, we argue that the chiral anomaly and its consequences are general results valid even beyond the relativistic symmetry.
We consider the theory of Rarita-Schwinger field interacting with a field with spin 1/2, in the case of finite temperature, chemical potential and vorticity, and calculate the chiral vortical effect for spin 3/2. We have clearly demonstrated the role of interaction with the spin 1/2 field, the contribution of the terms with which to CVE is 6. Since the contribution from the Rarita-Schwinger field is -1, the overall coefficient in CVE is 6-1=5, which corresponds to the recent prediction of a gauge chiral anomaly for spin 3/2. The obtained values for the coefficients $mu^2$ and $T^2$ are proportional to each other, but not proportional to the spin, which indicates a possible new universality between the temperature-related and the chemical potential-related vortical effects. The results obtained allow us to speculate about the relationship between the gauge and gravitational chiral anomalies.