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We solve the oscillation stability problem for the Urysohn sphere, an analog of the distortion problem for the Hilbert space in the context of the Urysohn universal metric space. This is achieved by solving a purely combinatorial problem involving a family of countable homogeneous metric spaces with finitely many distances.
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The notion of the Urysohn $d$-width measures to what extent a metric space can be approximated by a $d$-dimensional simplicial complex. We investigate how local Urysohn width bounds on a riemannian manifold affect its global width. We bound the $1$-width of a Riemannian manifold in terms of its first homology and the supremal width of its unit balls. Answering a question of Larry Guth, we give examples of $n$-manifolds of considerable $(n-1)$-width in which all unit balls have arbitrarily small $1$-width. We also give examples of topologically simple manifolds that are locally nearly low-dimensional.
We discuss various questions of the following kind: for a continuous map $X to Y$ from a compact metric space to a simplicial complex, can one guarantee the existence of a fiber large in the sense of Urysohn width? The $d$-width measures how well a space can be approximated by a $d$-dimensional complex. The results of this paper include the following. 1) Any piecewise linear map $f: [0,1]^{m+2} to Y^m$ from the unit euclidean $(m+2)$-cube to an $m$-polyhedron must have a fiber of $1$-width at least $frac{1}{2beta m +m^2 + m + 1}$, where $beta = sup_y text{ rk } H_1(f^{-1}(y))$ measures the topological complexity of the map. 2) There exists a piecewise smooth map $X^{3m+1} to mathbb{R}^m$, with $X$ a riemannian $(3m+1)$-manifold of large $3m$-width, and with all fibers being topological $(2m+1)$-balls of arbitrarily small $(m+1)$-width.
We introduce the Voronoi functional of a triangulation of a finite set of points in the Euclidean plane and prove that among all geometric triangulations of the point set, the Delaunay triangulation maximizes the functional. This result neither extends to topological triangulations in the plane nor to geometric triangulations in three and higher dimensions.
In this article, using the computer, are enumerated all locally-rigid packings by $N$ congruent circles (spherical caps) on the unit sphere ${Bbb S}^2 $ with $N < 12.$ This is equivalent to the enumeration of irreducible spherical contact graphs.
Consider a random set of points on the unit sphere in $mathbb{R}^d$, which can be either uniformly sampled or a Poisson point process. Its convex hull is a random inscribed polytope, whose boundary approximates the sphere. We focus on the case $d=3$, for which there are elementary proofs and fascinating formulas for metric properties. In particular, we study the fraction of acute facets, the expected intrinsic volumes, the total edge length, and the distance to a fixed point. Finally we generalize the results to the ellipsoid with homeoid density.
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