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Register a new userComparison between high-energy proton and charged pion induced damage in Lead Tungstate calorimeter crystals
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Added by
Francesca Nessi-Tedaldi
Publication date
2007
fields
Physics
and research's language is
English
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A Lead Tungstate crystal produced for the electromagnetic calorimeter of the CMS experiment at the LHC was cut into three equal-length sections. The central one was irradiated with 290 MeV/c positive pions up to a fluence of (5.67 +- 0.46)x10^13 /cm^2, while the other two were exposed to a 24 GeV/c proton fluence of (1.17 +- 0.11) x 10^13/ cm^2. The damage recovery in these crystals, stored in the dark at room temperature, has been followed over two years. The comparison of the radiation-induced changes in light transmission for these crystals shows that damage is proportional to the star densities produced by the irradiation.
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A Cerium Fluoride crystal produced during early R&D studies for calorimetry at the CERN Large Hadron Collider was exposed to a 24 GeV/c proton fluence Phi_p=(2.78 +- 0.20) x 10EE13 cm-2 and, after one year of measurements tracking its recovery, to a fluence Phi_p=(2.12 +- 0.15) x 10EE14 cm-2. Results on proton-induced damage to the crystal and its spontaneous recovery after both irradiations are presented here, along with some new, complementary data on proton-damage in Lead Tungstate. A comparison with FLUKA Monte Carlo simulation results is performed and a qualitative understanding of high-energy damage mechanism is attempted.
Studies of the radiation hardness of lead tungstate crystals produced by the Bogoroditsk Techno-Chemical Plant in Russia and the Shanghai Institute of Ceramics in China have been carried out at IHEP, Protvino. The crystals were irradiated by a 40-GeV pion beam. After full recovery, the same crystals were irradiated using a $^{137}Cs$ $gamma$-ray source. The dose rate profiles along the crystal length were observed to be quite similar. We compare the effects of the two types of radiation on the crystals light output.
We report on the effects of radiation on the light output of lead tungstate crystals. The crystals were irradiated by pure, intense high energy electron and hadron beams as well as by a mixture of hadrons, neutrons and gammas. The crystals were manufactured in Bogoroditsk, Apatity (both Russia), and Shanghai (China). These studies were carried out at the 70-GeV proton accelerator in Protvino.
In the context of the ClearMind project, we measured the scintillating properties, as induced from from gamma ray interactions, of today available PbWO4 crystal. We measured scintillation s yields and time constants by measuring the signal shape measured on a fast photo-multiplier and deconvoluting it from the instrumental effects. For the doped crystals at room temperature, we measured a fast scintillation component, with time constants of 2 ns, 55 percent of the total light yield, and a slow component of 6 ns. We observe a significant increase of the light yield for the slow component when the temperature decreases and simultaneous increase of the time constants, but no increase in the fast component light yield. Our measurements reproduce the main qualitative features of PbWO4 crystals quoted in the literature. Quantitatively though, we measured significantly shorter time constants and larger light yields. This is explained by a rigorous treatment of the instrumental contributions in the measurements. Results are discussed and prospect for future developments, tailored for the ClearMind project, are presented.
We report on the performance of a monitoring system for a prototype calorimeter for the BTeV experiment that uses Lead Tungstate crystals coupled with photomultiplier tubes. The tests were carried out at the 70 GeV accelerator complex at Protvino, Russia.
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