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Register a new userOn advanced fluid modelling of drift wave turbulence
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The Dupree-Weinstock renormalization is used to prove that a reactive closure exists for drift wave turbulence in magnetized plasmas. The result is used to explain recent results in gyrokinetic simulations and is also related to the Mattor-Parker closure. The level of closure is found in terms of applied external sources.
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In plasma turbulence theory, due to the complexity of the system with many non-linearly interacting waves, the dynamics of the phases is often disregarded and the so-called random-phase approximation (RPA) is used assuming the existence of a Chirikov-like criterion for the onset of wave stochasticity. The dynamical amplitudes are represented as complex numbers, $psi = psi_r + ipsi_i = ae^{itheta}$, with the amplitudes slowly varying whereas the phases are rapidly varying and, in particular, distributed uniformly over the interval $[0;2pi)$. However, one could expect that the phase dynamics can play a role in the self-organisation and the formation of coherent structures. In the same manner it is also expected that the RPA falls short to take coherent interaction between phases into account. In this work therefore, we studied the role of phase dynamics and the coupling of phases between different modes on the characteristic time evolution of the turbulent. We assume a simple turbulent system where the so-called stochastic oscillator model can be employed. The idea of interpreting turbulence by stochastic oscillators. The stochastic oscillator models can be derived from radical simplifications of the nonlinear terms in the Navier-Stokes or Gyro-Kinetic equations. In this particular case we adopt the basic equation for the stochastic oscillator model with passive advection and random forcing from Ref.
We study the effects of Resonant Magnetic Perturbations (RMPs) on turbulence, flows and confinement in the framework of resistive drift-wave turbulence. This work was motivated, in parts, by experiments reported at the IAEA 2010 conference [Y. Xu {it et al}, Nucl. Fusion textbf{51}, 062030] which showed a decrease of long-range correlations during the application of RMPs. We derive and apply a zero-dimensional predator-prey model coupling the Drift-Wave Zonal Mode system [M. Leconte and P.H. Diamond, Phys. Plasmas textbf{19}, 055903] to the evolution of mean quantities. This model has both density gradient drive and RMP amplitude as control parameters and predicts a novel type of transport bifurcation in the presence of RMPs. This model allows a description of the full L-H transition evolution with RMPs, including the mean sheared flow evolution. The key results are: i) The L-I and I-H power thresholds emph{both} increase with RMP amplitude $|bx|$, the relative increase of the L-I threshold scales as $Delta P_{rm LI} propto |bx|^2 u_*^{-2} gyro^{-2}$, where $ u_*$ is edge collisionality and $gyro$ is the sound gyroradius. ii) RMPs are predicted to emph{decrease} the hysteresis between the forward and back-transition. iii) Taking into account the mean density evolution, the density profile - sustained by the particle source - has an increased turbulent diffusion compared with the reference case without RMPs which provides one possible explanation for the emph{density pump-out} effect.
The two-field equations governing fully nonlinear dynamics of the drift wave (DW) and geodesic acoustic mode (GAM) in the toroidal geometry are derived in nonlinear gyrokinetic framework. Two stages with distinctive features are identified and analyzed. In the linear growth stage, the set of nonlinear equations can be reduced to the intensively studied parametric decay instability (PDI), accounting for the spontaneous resonant excitation of GAM by DW. The main results of previous works on spontaneous GAM excitation, e.g., the much enhanced GAM group velocity and the nonlinear growth rate of GAM, are reproduced from numerical solution of the two-field equations. In the fully nonlinear stage, soliton structures are observed to form due to the balancing of the self-trapping effect by the spontaneously excited GAM and kinetic dispersiveness of DW. The soliton structures enhance turbulence spreading from DW linearly unstable to stable region, exhibiting convective propagation instead of typical linear dispersive process, and is thus, expected to induce core-edge interaction and nonlocal transport.
Reduced fluid models including electron inertia and ion finite Larmor radius corrections are derived asymptotically, both from fluid basic equations and from a gyrofluid model. They apply to collisionless plasmas with small ion-to-electron equilibrium temperature ratio and low $beta_e$, where $beta_e$ indicates the ratio between the equilibrium electron pressure and the magnetic pressure exerted by a strong, constant and uniform magnetic guide field. The consistency between the fluid and gyrofluid approaches is ensured when choosing ion closure relations prescribed by the underlying ordering. A two-field reduction of the gyrofluid model valid for arbitrary equilibrium temperature ratio is also introduced, and is shown to have a noncanonical Hamiltonian structure. This model provides a convenient framework for studying kinetic Alfven wave turbulence, from MHD to sub-$d_e$ scales (where $d_e$ holds for the electron skin depth). Magnetic energy spectra are phenomenologically determined within energy and generalized helicity cascades in the perpendicular spectral plane. Arguments based on absolute statistical equilibria are used to predict the direction of the transfers, pointing out that, within the sub-ion range associated with a $k_perp^{-7/3}$ transverse magnetic spectrum, the generalized helicity could display an inverse cascade if injected at small scales, for example by reconnection processes.
Transfer of free energy from large to small velocity-space scales by phase mixing leads to Landau damping in a linear plasma. In a turbulent drift-kinetic plasma, this transfer is statistically nearly canceled by an inverse transfer from small to large velocity-space scales due to anti-phase-mixing modes excited by a stochastic form of plasma echo. Fluid moments (density, velocity, temperature) are thus approximately energetically isolated from the higher moments of the distribution function, so phase mixing is ineffective as a dissipation mechanism when the plasma collisionality is small.
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