No Arabic abstract
Auscher, McIntosh and Tchamitchian studied the heat kernels of second order elliptic operators in divergence form with complex bounded measurable coefficients on $mathbb{R}^n$. In particular, in the case when $n=2$ they obtained Gaussian upper bound estimates for the heat kernel without imposing further assumption on the coefficients. We study the fundamental solutions of the systems of second order parabolic equations in the divergence form with bounded, measurable, time-independent coefficients, and extend their results to the systems of parabolic equations.
We construct fundamental solutions of second-order parabolic systems of divergence form with bounded and measurable leading coefficients and divergence free first-order coefficients in the class of $BMO^{-1}_x$, under the assumption that weak solutions of the system satisfy a certain local boundedness estimate. We also establish Gaussian upper bound for such fundamental solutions under the same conditions.
We construct Greens functions for second order parabolic operators of the form $Pu=partial_t u-{rm div}({bf A} abla u+ boldsymbol{b}u)+ boldsymbol{c} cdot abla u+du$ in $(-infty, infty) times Omega$, where $Omega$ is an open connected set in $mathbb{R}^n$. It is not necessary that $Omega$ to be bounded and $Omega = mathbb{R}^n$ is not excluded. We assume that the leading coefficients $bf A$ are bounded and measurable and the lower order coefficients $boldsymbol{b}$, $boldsymbol{c}$, and $d$ belong to critical mixed norm Lebesgue spaces and satisfy the conditions $d-{rm div} boldsymbol{b} ge 0$ and ${rm div}(boldsymbol{b}-boldsymbol{c}) ge 0$. We show that the Greens function has the Gaussian bound in the entire $(-infty, infty) times Omega$.
We establish the $L_p$-solvability for time fractional parabolic equations when coefficients are merely measurable in the time variable. In the spatial variables, the leading coefficients locally have small mean oscillations. Our results extend a recent result in [6] to a large extent.
We consider a second-order parabolic equation in $bR^{d+1}$ with possibly unbounded lower order coefficients. All coefficients are assumed to be only measurable in the time variable and locally Holder continuous in the space variables. We show that global Schauder estimates hold even in this case. The proof introduces a new localization procedure. Our results show that the constant appearing in the classical Schauder estimates is in fact independent of the $L_{infty}$-norms of the lower order coefficients. We also give a proof of uniqueness which is of independent interest even in the case of bounded coefficients.
We establish the existence and the pointwise bound of the fundamental solution for the stationary Stokes system with measurable coefficients in the whole space $mathbb{R}^d$, $d ge 3$, under the assumption that weak solutions of the system are locally Holder continuous. We also discuss the existence and the pointwise bound of the Green function for the Stokes system with measurable coefficients on $Omega$, where $Omega$ is an unbounded domain such that the divergence equation is solvable. Such a domain includes, for example, half space and an exterior domain.