The Morphological and Syntactical characteristics of the internal courtyard (main) as a determinant of the spatial orientation of the university buildings (Case study internal courtyard in Syrian universities)

There have been numerous studies dealing with the environmental and social aspects of the type of buildings with internal courtyards, through studying the functions of the internal courtyard, environmental, utilitarian, social and formative. but these studies did not address the importance of internal courtyard in achieving the ease of spatial orientation, through its role in easy access to the space required In buildings in general, and in university buildings in particular. The research starts from the following hypothesis: The morphological and Syntactical characteristics of the internal courtyard of the university buildings affect the ease of orientation of the users, and aims to identify these characteristics that achieve easy access to the goal. For this purpose, including theoretical and practical colleges, where a special description of the morphological characteristics of the internal courtyard in the university buildings, and determinants that help the designer in the use of the internal courtyard in designing of spatial configurations of the university buildings to achieve the ease of spatial orientation.

Formal characteristics of Khans plans In Islamic Architecture (An Analytical Study)

This research includes the theoretical framework of formal relations between the components of the plans elements of Khans. Depending on some modern studies in forming relationships, some formal relationships are determined. They are represented by the relationship between the repetitive and unique elements which form the final shape of the building. The scientific method is adopted in addition to the statistical analysis for the purpose of access to the distinctive characteristics of Khans buildings. It is clear from the practical results of this research that Khans buildings are characterized by their participating characteristics by similar properties despite differences in the time period in which the completion of that building, as well as differences in the geographical location of those buildings. This conclusion indicates the unique vision and common background of architectural thought in spite of the change of time and place. The unique harmony of architecture thought determines the identity of Islamic architecture. This indicates the consistency of this architecture that were not documented and does not have the names of the creators who have done it, which by the history evidenced that it is fantastic.