The Renaissance represents the period of transition from the Middle Ages to the modern era. There were many opinions on the meaning of the Renaissance. Those interested in the arts mean the Renaissance in the fields of photography, sculpture and arch
itecture, where art is freed from the constraints of the Middle Ages. As for those interested in literature and philosophy, they have an intellectual revolution that began with the discovery of ancient manuscripts, the advancement of philology and the taste of poetry. As for scientists, Renaissance is the latest discoveries and progress in the fields of science. One of the most important scientific discoveries is the discovery of the solar system and its rotation around the Earth by the astronomer Nicholas Compernicus (1473-1543) and the Italian scientist Galileo Galilei (1564 - 1642). The anatomy was presented by Vesalius 1514-1564 AD, William Harvey (1578 - 1658 AD) The Arab physician Ibn Sina had referred (to the basics of blood circulation in the body before). Those interested in political science and political history saw that the Renaissance had begun with the deterioration of the system of feudalism, the emergence of modern unified states on the basis of nationalism, the rise of monarchy, ecclesiastical authority, the decline of the papacy and the emergence of popular freedom. It should be noted that the Renaissance movement is not limited to a particular branch of human knowledge, although each of the previous interpretations has importance and value. The rise in general is the changes in human behavior and thinking in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries as a result of the growth of the human mind. These changes included all aspects of life and affected them. The interest of the people is no longer confined to other life, but they began to care about the world around them indifferent to other life . The Europeans gradually rejected the ecclesiastical teachings and went back to the ancient Greek and Roman books, to the original Arab-Muslim books or the Arabic books translated from the Greek and began to study them, as well as the study of the Bible. They began to look at the ancient heritage books, where they were able to learn about the Arab and European civilizations that flourished before the advent of Christianity and began to compare them with medieval civilization. This enabled them to open up to unfamiliar new trends at the time, such as looking at human life as an end in itself, It is therefore necessary to respect the individual self and to recognize his rights and freedoms, because man is not incapable of nature, but is able to reveal its secrets and resolve the issues facing it.
