We present a direct spectroscopic observation of a shallow hydrogen-like muonium state in SrTiO$_3$ which confirms the theoretical prediction that interstitial hydrogen may act as a shallow donor in this material. The formation of this muonium state is temperature dependent and appears below $sim 70$ K. From the temperature dependence we estimate an activation energy of $sim 50$ meV in the bulk and $sim 23$ meV near the free surface. The field and directional dependence of the muonium precession frequencies further supports the shallow impurity state with a rare example of a fully anisotropic hyperfine tensor. From these measurements we determine the strength of the hyperfine interaction and propose that the muon occupies an interstitial site near the face of the oxygen octahedron in SrTiO$_3$. The observed shallow donor state provides new insight for tailoring the electronic and optical properties of SrTiO$_{3}$-based oxide interface systems.
Transverse-field muon-spin rotation ($mu$SR) experiments were performed on a single crystal sample of the non-centrosymmetric system MnSi. The observed angular dependence of the muon precession frequencies matches perfectly the one of the Mn-dipolar fields acting on the muons stopping at a 4a position of the crystallographic structure. The data provide a precise determination of the magnetic dipolar tensor. In addition, we have calculated the shape of the field distribution expected below the magnetic transition temperature $T_C$ at the 4a muon-site when no external magnetic field is applied. We show that this field distribution is consistent with the one reported by zero-field $mu$SR studies. Finally, we present ab initio calculations based on the density-functional theory which confirm the position of the muon stopping site inferred from transverse-field $mu$SR. In view of the presented evidence we conclude that the $mu$SR response of MnSi can be perfectly and fully understood without invoking a hypothetical magnetic polaron state.
The magnetic penetration depth ($lambda$) as a function of applied magnetic field and temperature in SrPt$_3$P($T_csimeq8.4$ K) was studied by means of muon-spin rotation ($mu$SR). The dependence of $lambda^{-2}$ on temperature suggests the existence of a single $s-$wave energy gap with the zero-temperature value $Delta=1.58(2)$ meV. At the same time $lambda$ was found to be strongly field dependent which is the characteristic feature of the nodal gap and/or multi-gap systems. The multi-gap nature of the superconduicting state is further confirmed by observation of an upward curvature of the upper critical field. This apparent contradiction would be resolved with SrPt$_3$P being a two-band superconductor with equal gaps but different coherence lengths within the two Fermi surface sheets.
We report on muon spin rotation/relaxation and $^{119}$Sn nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements to study the microscopic superconducting and magnetic properties of the Heusler compound with the highest superconducting transition temperature, ypd ($T_c=5.4$ K). Measurements in the vortex state provide the temperature dependence of the effective magnetic penetration depth $lambda(T)$ and the field dependence of the superconducting gap $Delta(0)$. The results are consistent with a very dirty s-wave BCS superconductor with a gap $Delta(0)=0.85(3)$ meV, $lambda(0)= 212(1)$ nm, and a Ginzburg-Landau coherence length $xi_{mathrm{GL}}(0)cong 23$ nm. In spite of its very dirty character, the effective density of condensed charge carriers is high compared to the normal state. The mSR data in a broad range of applied fields are well reproduced by taking into account a field-related reduction of the effective superconducting gap. Zero-field mSR measurements, sensitive to the possible presence of very small magnetic moments, do not show any indications of magnetism in this compound.
We present results from muon spin relaxation/rotation, magnetization, neutron scattering and transport measurements on polycrystalline samples of the pyrochlore iridates Y2Ir2O7 (Y-227) and Yb2Ir2O7 (Yb-227). Well-defined spontaneous oscillations of the muon asymmetry are observed together with hysteretic behavior in magnetization below 130 K in Yb-227, indicative of commensurate long-range magnetic order. Similar oscillations are observed in Y-227 below 150 K; however the onset of hysteretic magnetization at T = 190 K indicates a transition to an intermediate state lacking long-range order as observed in Nd-227. Our results also show that insulating members of the iridate family have nearly identical magnetic ground states, and that the presence of magnetic A-site species does not play any significant role in altering the ground state properties.
The pressure dependence of the magnetic penetration depth in polycrystalline samples of YBa2Cu3Ox with different oxygen concentrations x = 6.45, 6.6, 6.8, and 6.98 was studied by muon spin rotation (muSR). The pressure dependence of the superfluid density (p_s) as a function of the superconducting transition temperature Tc is found to deviate from the usual Uemura line. The ratio (dTc/dP)/(dp_s/dP) is factor of 2 smaller than that of the Uemura relation. In underdoped samples, the zero temperature superconducting gap and the BCS ratio both increase with increasing external hydrostatic pressure, implying an increase of the coupling strength with pressure. The relation between the pressure effect and the oxygen isotope effect on the magnetic penetration depth is also discussed. In order to analyze reliably the muSR spectra of samples with strong magnetic moments in a pressure cell, a special model was developed and applied.
We present a combined mean-field and simulation approach to different models describing the dynamics of classes formed by elements that can appear, disappear or copy themselves. These models, related to a paradigm duplication-innovation model known as Chinese Restaurant Process, are devised to reproduce the scaling behavior observed in the genome-wide repertoire of protein domains of all known species. In view of these data, we discuss the qualitative and quantitative differences of the alternative model formulations, focusing in particular on the roles of element loss and of the specificity of empirical domain classes.
We investigate the magnetic penetration depth lambda in superconducting Ba_1-xK_xFe_2As_2 (T_csimeq32K) with muon-spin rotation (muSR) and angle-resolved photoemission (ARPES). Using muSR, we find the penetration-depth anisotropy gamma_lambda=lambda_c/lambda_{ab} and the second-critical-field anisotropy gamma_{H_c2} to show an opposite T-evolution below T_c. This dichotomy resembles the situation in the two-gap superconductor MgB_2. A two-gap scenario is also suggested by an inflection point in the in-plane penetration depth lambda_ab around 7K. The complementarity of muSR and ARPES allows us to pinpoint the values of the two gaps and to arrive to a remarkable agreement between the two techniques concerning the full T-evolution of lambda_ab. This provides further support for the described scenario and establishes ARPES as a tool to assess macroscopic properties of the superconducting condensate.
