New results on diffractive deep-inelastic $e p$ scattering at HERA are presented using data taken in 1994 with the H1 detector. The cross section for diffractive deep-inelastic scattering is measured in terms of a diffractive structure function $F_2^{D(3)}(beta,Q^2,xpom)$ over an extended kinematic range. The dependence of $F_2^{D(3)}$ on $xpom$ is found not to depend on $Q^2$, but to depend on $beta$. Therefore the $xpom$ dependence no longer factorizes. The $Q^2$ and $beta$ dependence of $F_2^{D(3)}$ is analyzed after an integration over the dependence on $xpom$. For fixed $beta$ a clear rise with $log Q^2$ is observed, persisting up to high values of $beta$. In terms of the Altarelli-Parisi (DGLAP) QCD evolution equations, these scaling violations give clear indications for a gluon dominated process. Subsequently an attempt is made to quantify the parton content of the diffractive exchange using the DGLAP evolution. At the starting scale a ``leading gluon distribution is found which contributes about $80 %$ of the momentum in the diffractive exchange. Measurements of the hadronic final state (energy flow and production of $D^{*}$ mesons) are found to be consistent with the predictions of a model of deep-inelastic electron pomeron scattering using the information on the parton content obtained.
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