A Comprehensive Radiative Magnetohydrodynamics Simulation of Active Region Scale Flux Emergence from the Convection Zone to the Corona


الملخص بالإنكليزية

We present a comprehensive radiative magnetohydrodynamic simulation of the quiet Sun and large solar active regions. The 197 Mm wide simulation domain spans from the uppermost convection zone to over 100 Mm in the solar corona. Sophisticated treatments of radiative transfer and conduction transport provide the necessary realism for synthesizing observables to compare with remote sensing observations of the Sun. This model self-consistently reproduces observed features of the quiet Sun, emerging and developed active regions, and solar flares up to M class. Here, we report an overview on the first results. The surface magnetoconvection yields an upward Poynting flux that is dissipated in the corona and heats the plasma to over one million K. The quiescent corona also presents ubiquitous propagating waves, jets, and bright points with sizes down to 2 Mm. Magnetic flux bundles generated in a solar convective dynamo emerge into the photosphere and gives rise to strong and complex active regions with Over $10^{23}$ Mx magnetic flux. The coronal free magnetic energy, which is about 18% of the total magnetic energy, accumulates to about $10^{33}$ erg. The coronal magnetic field is not forcefree, as the Lorentz force needs to balance the pressure force and viscous stress as well as to drive magnetic field evolution. Emission measure from $log_{10}T = 4.5$ to $log_{10}T > 7$ provides a comprehensive view on structures and dynamics in the active region corona, such as coronal loops in various lengths and temperatures, mass circulation by evaporation and condensation, and eruptions from jets to large-scale mass ejections.

تحميل البحث