In this paper, we investigate the photon sphere, shadow radius and quasinormal modes of a four-dimensional charged Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet black hole. The perturbation of a massless scalar field in the black holes background is adopted. The quasinormal modes are gotten by the $6th$ order WKB approximation approach and shadow radius, respectively. When the value of the Gauss-Bonnet coupling constant increase, the values of the real parts of the quasinormal modes increase and those of the imaginary parts decrease. The coincidence degrees of quasinormal modes derived by the two approaches increases with the increase of the values of the Gauss-Bonnet coupling constant and multiple number. It shows the correspondence between the shadow and test field in the four-dimensional Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet-Maxwell gravity. The radii of the photon sphere and shadow increase with the decrease of the Gauss-Bonnet coupling constant.
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