The discovery of high-temperature superconductivity in Fe-based compounds [1,2] has triggered numerous investigations on the interplay between superconductivity and magnetism [3] and, more recently, on the enhancement of transition temperatures through interface effects [4]. It is widely believed that the emergence of optimal superconductivity is intimately linked to the suppression of long-range antiferromagnetic (AFM) order, although the exact microscopic picture of this relationship remains elusive [1] due to the lack of data with atomic spatial resolution [5-7]. Here, we present a spin-polarized scanning tunneling spectroscopy (SP-STS) study of ultrathin FeTe$_{1-x}$Se$_x$ (x = 0, 0.5) films grown on prototypical Bi-based bulk topological insulators. Surprisingly, we find an energy gap at the Fermi level indicating superconducting correlations up to Tc ~ 6 K for one unit cell thin FeTe layers grown on Bi2Te3 substrates, in contrast to the non-superconducting FeTe bulk compound [8]. Moreover, SP-STS reveals that the energy gap spatially coexists with bicollinear AFM order. This finding opens novel perspectives for theoretical studies of competing orders in Fe-based superconductors as well as for experimental investigations of exotic phases in heterostructures of topological insulators and superconducting layers.
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