Trumpler 16 is a well--known rich star cluster containing the eruptive supergiant $eta$ Carinae and located in the Carina star-forming complex. In the context of the Chandra Carina Complex Project, we study Trumpler 16 using new and archival X-ray data. A revised X-ray source list of the Trumpler 16 region contains 1232 X-ray sources including 1187 likely Carina members. These are matched to 1047 near-infrared counterparts detected by the HAWK-I instrument at the VLT allowing for better selection of cluster members. The cluster is irregular in shape. Although it is roughly circular, there is a high degree of sub-clustering, no noticeable central concentration and an extension to the southeast. The high--mass stars show neither evidence of mass segregation nor evidence of strong differential extinction. The derived power-law slope of the X-ray luminosity function for Trumpler 16 reveals a much steeper function than the Orion Nebula Cluster implying different ratio of solar- to higher-mass stars. We estimate the total Trumpler 16 pre-main sequence population to be > 6500 Class II and Class III X-ray sources. An overall K-excess disk frequency of ~ 8.9% is derived using the X-ray selected sample, although there is some variation among the sub-clusters, especially in the Southeastern extension. X-ray emission is detected from 29 high--mass stars with spectral types between B2 and O3.
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