A new mechanism for superconductivity in the newly discovered Co-based oxide is proposed by using charge fluctuation. A single-band extended Hubbard model on the triangular lattice is studied within random phase approximation. $f$-wave triplet superconductivity is stabilized in the vicinity of charge-density-wave instability, which is in sharp contrast with the square-lattice case. The physical origin of the realization of the $f$-wave triplet state as well as the relevance to experiments are discussed.