We present a complementary experimental and theoretical investigation of relaxation dynamics in the charge-density-wave (CDW) system TbTe$_3$ after ultrafast optical excitation. Using time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, we observe an unusual transient modulation of the relaxation rates of excited photocarriers. A detailed analysis of the electron self-energy based on a nonequilibrium Greens function formalism reveals that the phase space of electron-electron scattering is critically modulated by the photoinduced collective CDW excitation, providing an intuitive microscopic understanding of the observed dynamics.
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