Fields like public health, public policy, and social science often want to quantify the degree of dependence between variables whose relationships take on unknown functional forms. Typically, in fact, researchers in these fields are attempting to evaluate causal theories, and so want to quantify dependence after conditioning on other variables that might explain, mediate or confound causal relations. One reason conditional mutual information is not more widely used for these tasks is the lack of estimators which can handle combinations of continuous and discrete random variables, common in applications. This paper develops a new method for estimating mutual and conditional mutual information for data samples containing a mix of discrete and continuous variables. We prove that this estimator is consistent and show, via simulation, that it is more accurate than similar estimators.
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