We present a homotopy theory for a weak version of modular operads whose compositions and contractions are only defined up to homotopy. This homotopy theory takes the form of a Quillen model structure on the collection of simplicial presheaves for a certain category of undirected graphs. This new category of undirected graphs, denoted $mathbf{U}$, plays a similar role for modular operads that the dendroidal category $Omega$ plays for operads. We carefully study properties of $mathbf{U}$, including the existence of certain factorization systems. Related structures, such as cyclic operads and stable modular operads, can be similarly treated using categories derived from $mathbf{U}$.
تحميل البحث