The Panofsky-Wenzel theorem connects the transverse deflecting force in an rf structure with the existence of a longitudinal electric field component. In this paper it is shown that a transverse deflecting force is always accompanied by an additional longitudinal magnetic field component which leads to an emittance growth in the direction perpendicular to the transverse force. Transverse deflecting waves can thus not be described by pure TM or TE modes, but require a linear combination of basis modes for their representation. The mode description is preferably performed in the HM--HE basis to avoid converge problems, which are fundamental for the TM--TE basis.
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