SILVERRUSH. IV. Ly$alpha$ Luminosity Functions at $z = 5.7$ and $6.6$ Studied with $sim$ 1,300 LAEs on the $14-21$ deg$^2$ Sky


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We present the Ly$alpha$ luminosity functions (LFs) at $z=$5.7 and 6.6 derived from a new large sample of 1,266 Ly$alpha$ emitters (LAEs) identified in total areas of 14 and 21 deg$^2$, respectively, based on the early narrowband data of the Subaru/Hyper Suprime-Cam (HSC) survey. Together with careful Monte-Carlo simulations that account for the incompleteness of the LAE selection and the flux estimate systematics in the narrowband imaging, we have determined the Ly$alpha$ LFs with the unprecedentedly small statistical and systematic uncertainties in a wide Ly$alpha$ luminosity range of $10^{42.8-43.8}$ erg s$^{-1}$. We obtain the best-fit Schechter parameters of $L^{*}_{{rm Lya}}=1.6^{+2.2}_{-0.6} (1.7^{+0.3}_{-0.7}) times10^{43}$ erg s$^{-1}$, $phi^{*}_{{rm Lya}}=0.85^{+1.87}_{-0.77} (0.47^{+1.44}_{-0.44})times10^{-4}$ Mpc$^{-3}$, and $alpha=-2.6^{+0.6}_{-0.4} (-2.5^{+0.5}_{-0.5})$ at $z=5.7$ ($6.6$). We confirm that our best-estimate Ly$alpha$ LFs are consistent with the majority of the previous studies, but find that our Ly$alpha$ LFs do not agree with the high number densities of LAEs recently claimed by Matthee/Santos et al.s studies that may overcorrect the incompleteness and the flux systematics. Our Ly$alpha$ LFs at $z=5.7$ and $6.6$ show an indication that the faint-end slope is very steep ($alpha simeq -2.5$), although it is also possible that the bright-end LF results are enhanced by systematic effects such as the contribution from AGNs, blended merging galaxies, and/or large ionized bubbles around bright LAEs. Comparing our Ly$alpha$ LF measurements with four independent reionization models, we estimate the neutral hydrogen fraction of the IGM to be $x_{rm HI}=0.3pm0.2$ at $z=$6.6 that is consistent with the small Thomson scattering optical depth obtained by Planck 2016.

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