We study the four-dimensional low energy effective $mathcal{N}=1$ supergravity theory of the dimensional reduction of M-theory on $G_2$-manifolds, which are constructed by Kovalevs twisted connected sum gluing suitable pairs of asymptotically cylindrical Calabi-Yau threefolds $X_{L/R}$ augmented with a circle $S^1$. In the Kovalev limit the Ricci-flat $G_2$-metrics are approximated by the Ricci-flat metrics on $X_{L/R}$ and we identify the universal modulus - the Kovalevton - that parametrizes this limit. We observe that the low energy effective theory exhibits in this limit gauge theory sectors with extended supersymmetry. We determine the universal (semi-classical) Kahler potential of the effective $mathcal{N}=1$ supergravity action as a function of the Kovalevton and the volume modulus of the $G_2$-manifold. This Kahler potential fulfills the no-scale inequality such that no anti-de-Sitter vacua are admitted. We describe geometric degenerations in $X_{L/R}$, which lead to non-Abelian gauge symmetries enhancements with various matter content. Studying the resulting gauge theory branches, we argue that they lead to transitions compatible with the gluing construction and provide many new explicit examples of $G_2$-manifolds.
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