We investigated the upper critical magnetic field, $H_{c}$, of a superconductor-ferromagnet (S/F) bilayer of Nb/Cu$_{41}$Ni$_{59}$ and a Nb film (as reference). We obtained the dependence of $H_{cperp}$ and $H_{cparallel}$ (perpendicular and parallel to the film plane, respectively) on the temperature, $T$, by measurements of the resistive transitions and the dependence on the inclination angle, $theta$, of the applied field to the film plane, by non-resonant microwave absorption. Over a wide range, $H_{cperp}$ and $H_{cparallel}$ show the temperature dependence predicted by the Ginzburg-Landau theory. At low temperatures and close to the critical temperature deviations are observed. While $H_{c}(theta)$ of the Nb film follows the Tinkham prediction for thin superconducting films, the Nb/Cu$_{41}$Ni$_{59}$-bilayer data exhibit deviations when $theta$ approaches zero. We attribute this finding to the additional anisotropy induced by the quasi-one-dimensional Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov (FFLO)-like state and propose a new vortex structure in S/F bilayers, adopting the segmentation approach from high-temperature superconductors.
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