Dynamic Terahertz Beam Steering Based on Graphene Metasurfaces


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A full (2$pi$) phase modulation is critical for efficient wavefront manipulation. In this article, a metasurface based on graphene long/short-strip resonators is used to implement a dynamic 2$pi$ phase modulation by applying different voltages to different graphene resonators. The configuration is found to have high reflection efficiency (minimum 56%) and has a full phase modulation in a wide frequency range. Terahertz (THz) beam steering as large as 120 degrees ($pm60^circ$) is demonstrated in a broad frequency range (1.2 to 1.9 THz) by changing the Fermi levels of different graphene resonators accordingly. This metasurface can provide a new platform for effectively manipulating THz waves.

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