We have searched for a short-range spin-dependent interaction using the spin relaxation of hyperpolarized $^3$He. Such a new interaction would be mediated by a hypothetical light scalar boson with CP-violating couplings to the neutron. The walls of the $^3$He cell would generate a pseudomagnetic field and induce an extra depolarization channel. We did not see any anomalous spin relaxation and we report the limit for interaction ranges $lambda$ between $1$ and $100~rm{mu m}$: $g_sg_p lambda ^2 leq 2.6times 10^{-28}~mathrm{m^2}, ( 95~%, mathrm{C.L.})$, where $g_s$($g_p$) are the (pseudo)scalar coupling constant, improving the previous best limit by 1 order of magnitude.
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