For every finite dimensional Lie supergroup $(G,mathfrak g)$, we define a $C^*$-algebra $mathcal A:=mathcal A(G,mathfrak g)$, and show that there exists a canonical bijective correspondence between unitary representations of $(G,mathfrak g)$ and nondegenerate $*$-representations of $mathcal A$. The proof of existence of such a correspondence relies on a subtle characterization of smoothing operators of unitary representations. For a broad class of Lie supergroups, which includes nilpotent as well as classical simple ones, we prove that the associated $C^*$-algebra is CCR. In particular, we obtain the uniqueness of direct integral decomposition for unitary representations of these Lie supergroups.