We introduce a Lie algebra $mathfrak{g}_{mathbf{Q}}(mathbf{m})$ and an associative algebra $mathcal{U}_{q,mathbf{Q}}(mathbf{m})$ associated with the Cartan data of $mathfrak{gl}_m$ which is separated into $r$ parts with respect to $mathbf{m}=(m_1, dots, m_r)$ such that $m_1+ dots + m_r =m$. We show that the Lie algebra $mathfrak{g}_{mathbf{Q}} (mathbf{m})$ is a filtered deformation of the current Lie algebra of $mathfrak{gl}_m$, and we can regard the algebra $mathcal{U}_{q, mathbf{Q}}(mathbf{m})$ as a $q$-analogue of $U(mathfrak{g}_{mathbf{Q}}(mathbf{m}))$. Then, we realize a cyclotomic $q$-Schur algebra as a quotient algebra of $mathcal{U}_{q, mathbf{Q}}(mathbf{m})$ under a certain mild condition. We also study the representation theory for $mathfrak{g}_{mathbf{Q}}(mathbf{m})$ and $mathcal{U}_{q,mathbf{Q}}(mathbf{m})$, and we apply them to the representations of the cyclotomic $q$-Schur algebras.
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