Rational discrete cohomology and homology for a totally disconnected locally compact group $G$ is introduced and studied. The $mathrm{Hom}$-$otimes$ identities associated to the rational discrete bimodule $mathrm{Bi}(G)$ allow to introduce the notion of rational duality groups in analogy to the discrete case. It is shown that semi-simple groups defined over a non-discrete, non-archimedean local field are rational t.d.l.c. duality groups, and the same is true for certain topological Kac-Moody groups. However, Y. Neretins group of spheromorphisms of a locally finite regular tree is not even of finite rational discrete cohomological dimension. For a unimodular t.d.l.c. group $G$ of type $mathrm{FP}$ it is possible to define an Euler-Poincare characteristic $chi(G)$ which is a rational multiple of a Haar measure. This value is calculated explicitly for Chevalley groups defined over a non-discrete, non-archimedean local field $K$ and some other examples.
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