The conducting quasi-two dimensional electron system (q2DES) formed at the interface between LaAlO3 and SrTiO3 band insulators is confronting the condensed matter physics community with new paradigms. While the mechanism for the formation of the q2DES is debated, new conducting interfaces have been discovered paving the way to possible applications in electronics, spintronics and optoelectronics. This chapter is an overview of the research on the LAO/STO sys-tem, presenting some of the most important results obtained in the last decade to clarify the mechanism of formation of the q2DES at the oxide interfaces and its peculiar electronic properties as compared to semiconducting 2D-electron gas.
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