Commonly used techniques to study non-perturbative aspects of the strong interactions have a deep connection with rational approximants, and in particular with Pade approximants to meromorphic functions. However, only recently this connection has been acknowledged and efforts at fully exploiting it are only starting. In this article I will briefly review the most prominent techniques used in non-perturbative strong interactions with special emphasis on its relation with Pade approximants. I will then concentrate on a set of open problems outside the scope of these conventional techniques where Pade approximants might be extremely useful.
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